① 一個關於水處理的誰幫我翻譯成英文啊
The design is mainly directed against the Nanjing in Jiangsu Province and the surrounding areas, the Yangtze River valley city tap water design, source water from the Yangtze River. the water sector is facing deteriorating water quality and treatment, the improvement of water quality requirements. Measures taken by : calling for pollution because current water treatment technology can not yet technically what water can do, not the other costs of the economy, So to a permanent solution, and actively look for measures to enhance the process, so that the treated water can meet the safety and health requirements. Yangtze River dominant wind direction for the whole Northeast, the summer winds led to the southeast, sub-led East southeast; Winter led the Northeast, Yangtze River water in recent years contains a lot of sand, water turbidity increased significantly. Design of the scale of the proction of 100,000 tons of water plant design. Water is used two-way struggle over water, coagulant selection of refined aluminum sulfate, chlorine disinfection agent selection, flocculation tank used clapboard flocculation tank. Filter V-filter selection.
② 急需水處理方面英文翻譯
The wastewater system relies on the force of gravity to move sewage from your home to the treatment plant. So wastewater-treatment plants are located on low ground, often near a river into which treated water can be released. If the plant is built above the ground level, the wastewater has to be pumped up to the aeration tanks (item 3). From here on, gravity takes over to move the wastewater through the treatment process.
③ 求一篇給水水處理的英語文獻，帶翻譯最好，急急急...
英文給排水論文
The multilevel residential housing is given and drains off water several questions designed
Summary: This text give and drain off water on multilevel residential housing design supply water the exertion of the tubular proct , Way of laying of pipeline, water gauge proce family set up, establishment and air conditioner condensation water of pot-type boiler discharge issue goes on the discussion , And put forward some concrete views. Keyword: Skyscraper, supply water the tubular proct , the pipeline is laid, The water gauge, the solar water heater
The skyscraper is simple with its auxiliary facility, the fabrication cost is low, the characteristic such as being convenient of estate management, Receive the welcomes of the real estate developer and vast resident of small and medium-sized cities very much. How project planning and design of inhabited region, scientific and technological instry of comfortable house, lead the request according to 2000, Improve the design level of the house, build out a comfortable living space for each household, It is each designers ty. As the heart of the house --The kitchen, bathroom, is that the function is complicated, hygiene, safe and comfortable degree are expected much, It is miscellaneous to build, the space expecting much in technology. So, the designer must consider synthetically with the idea and method of global design that the kitchen, bathroom give installation of the drainage pipeline and equipment, etc. Give and drain off water on skyscraper design supply water exertion, to lay pipeline of tubular proct, water gauge proce family set up, establishment and empty of pot-type boiler now Transfer condensation water discharge issue discuss together with colleagues.
( 1), supply water tubular proct select problem for use Traditional water supply tubular proct adopt zinc-plated steel tube generally, because zinc-plated steel tube exchange the corrosion, Use short-lived , use for and send domestic water can satisfied with water quality sanitary standard shortcoming, Ministry of Construction is popularizing the application of the feed pipe of plastics energetically . A lot of districts and cities have already expressed regulations: Forbid designing and using the zinc-plated steel tube , use widely the feed pipe of plastics. The plastics supply water In charge of compared with metal pipeline, light, it is fine to able to bear the intensity of keeping, Send obstruction little liquid , able to bear chemistry better to corrode performance, it is convenient to install, The steel energy-conservation of the province, merit of having long performance life etc.. Supply water and use plastics pipeline: Hard polyvinyl chloride( PVC-U), high density polyethylene( HDPE), pay and unite polyethylene( PEX) , modify the polypropylene( PP-R, PP-C), gather butane( PB), aluminum mould and compound and in charge of and the steel is molded and compound and is managed etc.. Choice of tubular proct economic comparative course of technology, technology should from pressure, temperature, environment for use, install method ,etc. go on and consider, Combine owners at the same time request and the house of grade, carry on and fix after being consider synthetically technology not economic. The above plastics supply water tubular proct can supply water tubular proct as house life. The economic and functional house conciliating Strand room in the face of the masses of with low- and medium-level incomes resident, can select for use hygiene grades of hard polyvinyl chloride in charge of as feed pipe mainly, In order to rece the fabrication cost; Medium-to-high grade commodity apartment available aluminum Mould and compound and in charge of or other plastics supply water the tubular proct as the feed pipe. House mix hot water temperature that water order exceed 600 C, so above-mentioned tubular proct in charge of except hard polyvinyl chloride and aluminum plastics compound and in charge of( PE-AL-PE), Mostly the tubular proct can be regarded as the hot water pipeline of the house.
( 2), pipeline lay problem 1. give and drain off water it set up there aren』t one that in charge of 1)Will install it in the corner place of the kitchen, bathroom tomorrow. Adopting this kind of way of laying more in the design of house in the past, it is convenient for it to construct, But will reveal the pipeline and hinder the room beautifully tomorrow Watch, the households will mostly be hidden with the light quality material in the equipment two times. 2)Will install it in the overcast angle place of the outer wall of the building tomorrow. Way this suitable for southern weather warm district only, the minimum temperature in winter cant be lower than zero degrees Centigrade, In case water pipe water-logging freeze ice is bloated to split pipeline, influence household use. Pipeline lay in outer wall, influence building to be beautiful, too inconvenient on manage and maintain in the future. 3) Lay it in the pipeline well. This way makes the room clean and beautiful, but the pipeline well has taken up the area of the bathroom, And pipeline construct, maintain relatively more difficult. Bathroom set up concentrate pipeline well, concentrate pipeline on assign in the well feed pipe, drain pipe, This is that the civilized importance lives in the kitchen of comfortable house, bathroom Embodiment. I think : Should consider the establishment of the pipeline well of the bathroom in the medium-to-high grade building conceptual design of commodity apartment, Improve quality of using of bathroom promptly so , can solve hard polyvinyl chloride drain pipe rivers noise heavy problem, Improve the environmental quality level of the room; Whether for bathroom in the areas for little economic and functional house and Overcome difficulties room, warm area give and drain off water and set up and in charge of and can consider and lay in the outer wall in the South, In order to increase using the space of the bathroom; Pipeline install and in the room, should influence kitchen, bathroom every sanitary equipment use of function tomorrow
2. supply water and prop up there aren』t tube House supply water prop up and in charge of pipe diameter one ≤ 32mm, de of battle,, little plastics feed pipe of pipe diameter is the crooked state, So the house supplies water and is propped up and in charge of being recommended and adopted and set up secretly. Supply water to prop up to manage darkly There are thes way had: 1)Set up in the brick wall secretly. Wall turn on and in charge of trough in brick when constructing, in charge of trough width tube +20 mm, de of external diameter,, degree of depth tube external diameter de, The pipeline is imbedded and managed directly Trough, and with in charge of card fix in trough of inning charge of son. 2)Whether pipe diameter supply water and prop up and last de ≤ 20mm,can set up at floor secretly( ) piece make level by layer. Turn on and in charge of trough in floor( ground) the board when constructing, it wides trough have to be de +10 mm deeply 1/2 of the de, Half pipeline imbed and in charge of trough, and with in charge of card fix in trough of inning charge of tube. Aluminum mould compound and in charge of and pay and unite polypropylene in charge of pipeline adopt metal pipe fittings connection, Must strengthen and in charge of trough size when adopting and set up secretly, and rivers some flood peak loss relatively heavy. Assign the relative house that concentrated to the kitchen, bathroom interior hygiene utensil, Can adopt and divide Water device go on and join , divide water device whether one more than branch in charge of and connect, every hygiene utensil supply water and prop up and in charge of and connects and publishes from the water dividing device separately. Can already prevent the tube burying the pipeline secretly from being connected like this Permeate the question. Can rece some flood peak lost, decrease the fabrication cost of pipe networks
3)Drain off water and prop up the tube to lay House room drain off water and in charge of and should set up at the time of inning this each, drain off water and in charge of permeating sideways like this canning prevent the sewage from waiting for the pollutant to enter the neighbor family sideways, Will not influence the neighbor either when the pipeline is maintained Normal life of one. Kitchen wash water drainage of basin propped up and in charge of generalizing inserts draining off water to stand to manage this layer of floor sideways; Floor drainage off water propped up and in charge of laying the room of lower floor. A lot of colleagues think now: Whether kitchen the ground it lay ceramic tile of, whose name is clean in when need develop with water,not strong in meaning to set up floor drain, So kitchen set up ground floor drain, avoid and drain off water and prop up and in charge of and enter neighbor family sideways already so, Can increase using the space of the kitchen . Bathroom drain off water and prop up and in charge of and lay concrete measure have in this layer sideways inside: 1)Improve the bathroom ground . Ground tendency high 150mm, adopt back row type take stool pot, washing basin, bath tub, water drainage of floor drain in charge of and bury in cushion layer secretly sideways. 2)Adopt the sinking type bathroom. Bathroom sink 350mm the floor, hygiene utensil drain off water and in charge of and bury on sinking space secretly sideways
Two method these can realize water drainage of bathroom prop up and in charge of earths surface to bury underground this one without entering the neighbor family sideways. Bury pipeline when installing, construction quality must check on strictly, can construct bathroom ground after confirming qualified secretly, So as not to leave the hidden danger in giving in the future using. Bathroom ground construct and can pack coal ash light quality material , also can adopt and lay bricks impracticable to lay plate making construct ground, Ground must make waterproof to deal with, method can waterproof to deal with according to roofing, make two oil one rubber and plastic ointment waterproof cloth.
3), water gauge the open air set up problem The water gauge is had indoors, not only the work load of checking meter is very heavy , but also make the security and privacy of the house rece greatly . So house divide into households of water gauge or divide households of figure of water gauge Show that should be set up in the open air. Skyscraper water gauge the open air set up following several kinds of forms: Whether 1.adopt far it pass by water gauge Change the ordinary water gauge into and pass the water gauge far, is joined the water gauge and data gathering machine by a signal line, And then reach intelligence to manage( the computer). Its merit lies in saving a large amount of people Strength comes to check meter, the data are accurate, the shortcoming is that the fabrication cost is high. Whether 2.adopt magnetic stripe card of by water gauge Users buy the electronic card of the running water Company in advance , then insert it in the storing device of the water gauge, Card amount of money dect automatically on the water, this way user need to prepay the water rate, The price of the water gauge is relatively high.
3. adopt it set up at the open air water gauge not ordinary 1)The water gauge is set up in the stair have a rest in the alcove of the platform. Household watersupply to prop up and manage and enter the kitchen, bathroom after the water gauge is measured. Way this realize water gauge proce room set up, equivalence low project have , supply water and set up and in charge of and set up with water gauge office results in aesthetic problems in stair. It suitable for the South warm district kitchen, bathroom assign close to the houses of positions of staircase. 2)The water gauge concentrates on being set up among the water gauges( meter box). Person who give when supplying water, set up water gauge in ground floor( meter box) on falling, every household watersupply to prop up and is in charge of applying having in the pipeline well, Southern area can overcast horn place lay along the outer wall in building too; Person who give when supplying water, can set up water gauge in roof( meter box) under upgoing. This way increases and supplies water to prop up In charge of and lay length, pipeline lay and influence building to be beautiful along outer wall. Water gauge proce way choice that family assign, must combine house kitchen, bathroom plane assign characteristic and concrete request of developer, Carry on to several feasibility scheme the above economic technology fix after comparing. Property well-managed medium-to-high grade commodity apartment of housing district, can adopt and pass the water gauge far , It is that the water gauge will use the developing direction in the future; Estate management perfect medium- to-high grade commodity apartment of housing district, can adopt magnetic stripe card water gauge( Company have this kind district of business can design in running water) Or concentrate on setting up it among the water gauges( case); Southern area unit type house can set up rest platform office in stair with ordinary water gauge, In order to rece the fabrication cost.
4) establishment question of the pot-type boiler Should reserve and install hot water supply terms of facility, set up hot water supply facilities with when the design of house. Have and concentrate house that hot water supply on , should consider house assign with installation position and cold hot water pipeline of hot water device. The pot-type boiler generally has three kinds, such as gas, electricity, solar energy,etc.. Whether last kitchen gas heater and electric heater or Bathroom inside, give when draining off water design shoulding reserve installation position and cold hot water interface of pipeline of water heater in advance in building, Install by oneself when convenient users fit up. Solar energy and hot water It is simple and convenient and safe for device to use, need fuel and electric power is low to run the expenses, Have long performance life, pollution-free, received by the masses of users favourably very much, Many houses have been small in recent years The district all install the solar water heater at the time of designing and construct. Solar water heater install and at the roof, need to set up the cold hot water pipeline among bathroom and water heater of the roofing like this generally, Consider installation of solar water heater when the design of house, household can only lay cold and hot pipeline along the building outer wall when installing in the future, Increase household degree of difficulty when installing like this , increase pipeline make the investment, influence building beautiful. Give when draining off water the design needing to solicit the developers suggestion first in building, Interconnected system one design, construct the solar water heater in unison; Reserve solar water heater and cold hot water installation position of pipeline in advance only. The cold hot water pipeline of the solar water heater can be laid In the pipeline well; Set up pipeline house of well , can set up one UPVC drain pipe of de110 as solar water heater hot water sleeve pipe of pipeline close to corner of person who take a shower in bathroom, Set up a de110 *75 three direct links in each hygiene interval ground, as connecting the entry of cold and hot water pipe
( 5), air conditioner condensation ink discharge the issue In recent years, air conditioner enter huge numbers of families graally, condensation water amorphous to discharge the building outer wall of pollution air conditioner have, Have influenced a beautiful important problem of biotope already. Building give when draining off water design shoulding consider air conditioner condensation ink discharge in a organized way. Concrete method can machine set up the water drain pipe of the condensation by the position outside reserving air conditioner, Drain off water and set up and in charge of and select PVC-U drain pipe de40 for use , reserve three direct links of draining off water highly in each air conditioner, It is convenient for air conditioner to drain off water hose insert directly.
④ 建築給水排水的英文論文 3000字左右，最好帶中文翻譯 和水處理的論文也行 我的郵箱[email protected]
寫一篇中文的,然後去有道翻譯!
⑤ 關於水處理污泥的文獻翻譯
自來水廠的排泥水處理工作應從對具體水廠的排泥水水質特性分析出發，注意自來水廠污泥和污水廠污泥之間的本質差別。本文探討研究了自來水廠排泥水處理技術的若干問題，諸如：如何正確確定自來水廠的污泥干固體產量？如何減少自來水廠沉澱池的排泥水水量？為什麼要設置污泥調蓄均衡池？等等。
關鍵詞：自來水廠排泥水處理
隨著我國對環境保護和整治力度的不斷加強，許多省市的環保部門近年來積極督促各地自來水公司在擴建、新建自來水廠的同時，要籌措資金同步實施水廠的排泥水處理工程。1996年以來，石家莊、北京、上海和深圳等城市先後建成投產了幾個水廠的排泥水處理工程，開始了我國自來水廠排泥水處理的起步階段。
自來水廠排泥水不經處理就直排江河湖泊等水體，成為水體的重要污染源，淤積抬高河床，影響江河的航運和行洪排澇能力。我國是水資源緊缺的國家，水資源是制約國民經濟可持續發展的重要物質條件。努力搞好自來水廠排泥水處理工程，在改善水環境的同時，還可回收利用占水廠供水量2～4%左右的水量，一定程度上緩解水資源緊缺的矛盾。我國近2800個城市自來水廠今後如陸續著手建設排泥水處理工程，將可能涉及數百億元巨額基建投資的能否合理使用，能否相應實現預期的工程效應和環境效益的重大現實問題。
結合幾年來在自來水廠排泥水處理科研工作和工程實踐中的一些經驗、教訓和體會，聯系在國內、外一些自來水廠和污水廠的污泥處理工程參觀調研過程中的收獲、心得和思考，對自來水廠排泥水處理技術的若干問題提出如下看法和建議，供我國自來水廠排泥水處理工程建設和研究工作參考。
1.自來水廠排泥水處理工程設計規模如何合理取值問題
自來水廠排泥水處理工程設計工作中，除了必須切實掌握水廠的混凝沉澱池排泥水日產水量、濾池沖洗廢水的日產水量和單格濾池一次沖洗廢水量外，更重要的是必須對水廠污泥干固體日產量設計規模進行合理取值，它直接影響污泥脫水機械等的選型配置、有關設備和構築物的配備和設計，直接影響整個排泥水處理和污泥處置的工程投資和今後工程正常合理運行的可能性。
水廠排泥水中的污泥干固體含量，由凈水過程中截留去除的原水中泥沙、腐殖質、藻類等懸浮雜質和水廠投加的混凝劑、助凝劑等二部分組成，前者佔主要比重。
水廠的日常水質檢測項目中，與原水中懸浮雜質含量密切相關的主要是原水渾濁度NTU值。測定水的渾濁度NTU值的濁度儀是基於測定光源通過被測水的散射光強弱的光學儀器，能有效檢測水中主要屬膠體粒徑范圍的雜質顆粒。由於不同水源水中的懸浮雜質顆粒大小組成和形狀各不相同，因此各種水源水的濁度NTU值大小並不一定可按某固定比值直接換算成反映水中懸浮雜質濃度SS值(mg/L)的大小。因此取用不同水源水的水廠在進行排泥水處理工程設計之前，一般應先對全年不同時段的水源水取樣進行渾濁度NTU值和原水中懸浮固體量SS值的一系列同步檢測對比。所獲大量數據進行數學回歸和相關分析，得出NTU與SS值之間的相關關系，再聯系水源具體情況和近年原水濁度資料的概率統計分析等，可合理確定該水廠排泥水處理工程污泥干固體量DS的日處理規模。若不能認真根據當地水源水質實際情況得出可靠的NTU:SS的相關值，則估算的水廠排泥水處理工程的干污泥DS日處理規模量可能與實際相差甚遠，甚至可能差一、二倍以上！嚴重影響工程建設的合理性.
我國不少城市自來水廠已將建設排泥水處理工程提上議事日程，建議在日常檢測原水濁度NTU值的同時，進行一些原水懸浮固體SS值的對比檢測，及早作好這項影響工程設計規模的前期准備工作。
The waterworks platoon spate processing work should from embark to theconcrete water works platoon spate water quality characteristicanalysis, attention waterworks sludge and between dirt water workssludge essential distinction. This article discussed has studied thewaterworks row of spate processing technology certain questions, suchas: How correctly determined the waterworks sludge does the solidoutput? How reces the waterworks sedimentation pond platoon spatewater volume? Why has to establish the sludge to store and regulatethe balanced pond? . Key word: Waterworks row of spate processing And renovates dynamics along with our country to theenvironmental protection unceasingly to strengthen, many provinces andcities environmental protection departments positively supervised eachplace running water company in recent years ring the extension,newly built waterworks, had to raise fund synchronization to implementthe water works the platoon spate processing project. Since 1996, cityand so on Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen successivelyhas completed has gone into proction several water works platoonspate processing projects, started our country waterworks row of spateprocessing start stage. A waterworks row of spate after processing on water body and so onstraight platoon rivers and streams lake, does not become the waterbody the important source of pollution, silts up raises the river bed,affects the rivers and streams the shipping and line of Hong drainswaterlogged land the ability. Our country is the water resourcesscarce country, the water resources is restricts the national economysustainable development the important physical conditions. Diligentlydoes well the waterworks row of spate processing project, ringimprovement water environment, but also may recycle the use to occupythe water works for the water volume 2 ~ 4% about water volume, in thecertain degree alleviates the water resources scarce contradiction.Our country nearly 2,800 cities waterworks next like one after anotherwill begin to construct the row of spate processing project, whetherpossibly will involve several hundred hundred million Yuan largeamount initial costs reasonably to use, whether correspondingrealization anticipated project effect and environment benefit vitalrealistic question. Unifies for several years in the waterworks row of spate processingscientific research work and project practice some experiences, thelesson and the experience, relates in the home, outside somewaterworks and in the dirt water works sludge processing project visitinvestigation and study process harvest, the attainment and theponder, to the waterworks row of spate processing technology certainquestions proposed the following view and the suggestion, refers forour country waterworks row of spate processing engineeringconstruction and the research work. 1. Waterworks row of spate processing engineering design scale howreasonable value question In the waterworks row of spate processing engineering designwork, except must practically grasp the water works the coagulationsedimentation pond row of spate daily proction water volume, thefilter tank flushing waste water daily proction water volume and thesingle standard filter tank time flushes outside the waste watervolume, more importantly must do the solid daily output design scaleto the water works sludge to carry on the reasonable value, itdirectly affects the sludge dewatering machinery and so on the shapingdisposition, the related equipment and the construction equipment withthe design, direct influence entire platoon spate processing andsludge handling project investment and next project normal reasonablemovement possibility. In the water works row of spate sludge does the solid content,temporarily stops in the original water by only the water process inwhich removes the silt, the humus, the algae and so on the aerosolimpurity and the water works throws adds 混凝劑, helps congeals themedicinal preparation and so on two parts to be composed, formeraccounts for the main proportion. In the water works daily water quality examination project, with theoriginal water in the aerosol foreign inclusion close correlationmainly is the original water 渾濁度 NTU value. The determinationwater 渾濁度 the NTU value turbidity meter is based on thedetermination photosource through the diffused light strong and theweak optical instrument which sounds, can effectively examine in thesounding mainly to be the colloid particle size scope the impuritypellet. Because in the different water source water aerosol impuritypellet size composition and the shape are various, therefore each kindof water source water turbidity NTU value size certainly notnecessarily may directly convert in the reflection water according tosome fixed ratio the aerosol impurity density SS value (mg/L) size.Therefore uses the different water source water the water works incarry on before the row of spate processing engineering design,generally should first carry on 渾濁度 NTU value and in theoriginal water to the whole year different time interval water sourcewater sample the aerosol solid amount of space occupied SS value aseries of synchronous detection contrast. Attains the mass datas tocarry on mathematics return and the correlation analysis, obtains NTUand between the SS value correlational dependence, again related thewater source special details and the recent years original waterturbidity material probability statistical analysis and so on, butreasonably determined this water works row of spate processing projectsludge did solid amount of space occupied DS the date processingscale. If cannot earnestly according to the local water source waterquality actual situation to obtain reliable NTU:SS the correlativevalue, then estimates the water works row of spate processing projectdry sludge DS date processing gauge mole is possible and actual isfar from, even may the energy balance above one, two times! Seriousinfluence engineering construction rationality Our country many cities waterworks have constructed the row of spateprocessing project to propose the agenda, suggested while dailyexamination original water turbidity NTU value, carries on someoriginal water suspended solid SS values the contrast examination,early finishes this influence engineering design scale the earlierperiod preparatory work.
⑥ 關於水處理方面的英文文獻翻譯
Shandong Taihe Water Treatment Co., Ltd. is a development, proction, sales and technical service for one professional manufacturer of water treatment agent.
Taihe operating objectives are:
Doing world-class water treatment chemicals and related professional manufacturer of chemicals
Taihe target customers are:
1. Domestic: peer and distributor of water treatment;
2. International: the international well-known large companies, chemical distributors, dealers.
Taihe services:
1. Free water quality analysis, prescription screening, operation of programming, on-site guidance, such as a full range of technical services (Taihe-site customer service is the name of the end-user);
2. Proct customization, sample processing, free mixed: the proction of all work-related Taihe completed, you need to do is hard to maintain customers.
Taihe advantages:
1. Technological advantage: its own labs and professional R & D team is a new source of emerging procts and proct quality have been improved security; a well-established quality assurance system and advanced detection equipment is in the quality of procts and stability can be improved basis.
Our senior engineers, general manager of the chemical analysis, ISO9001: 2000 quality management system auditors who; several elite members of the instry consultants, employed a number of years so the guidance of Dr..
2. Proct advantages: full range, quality, stability, and cost-effective;
Integrated circuit chips exported to Japan for the high-purity crystal cleaner chemical procts, as well as the largest domestic proction of organic phosphate crystals, such as ATMP, HEDP, EDTMPA, HDTMPA solid, such as potassium and sodium.
Polymer dispersant is a series of advantages Taihe procts, is the focus of export procts, export more than 1000 tons of AA / AMPS, TH-3100 and so on, as a result of the proction process optimization and bulk purchases of raw materials, relatively low cost can be to provide users with high-quality polymer prices lower, if you have a molecular weight of polymer, we have the instry's only gel chromatography and unique technology enables the polymerization to control molecular weight and its distribution of procts to meet your needs.
3. Management Advantage: It is an experienced management team and strong combat effectiveness, good management system and operation of ERP systems for many years.
⑦ 跪求水處理英文文獻 最好帶中文翻譯的
這個很簡單，只要在google中輸入「sewage treatment technology」便可以找到很多與污水處理相關的資料以及文獻，下面是些例子
http://www.cleanharbour.gov.hk/english/download/safeguarding.pdf
http://www.juanico.co.il/Main%20frame%20-%20English/Issues/Sewage%20treatment%20technologies.htm
http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr117359e.html
⑧ 急求關於水處理的英文原文和翻譯，謝謝了
給排水常用名詞中英文對照
1、給水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和處理以及成品水輸配的工程。
2、排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、輸送、處理和處置廢水的工程。
3、給水系統 water supply system 給水的取水、輸水、水質處理和配水等設施以一定方式組合成的總體。
4、排水系統 sewerage system 排水的收集、輸送、水質處理和排放等設施以一定方式組合成的總體。
5、給水水源 water source 給水工程所取用的原水水體。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取來的原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在於地殼表面，暴露於大氣的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在於地殼岩石裂縫或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦鹹水(鹼性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 鹼度大於硬度的水，並含大量中性鹽，PH值大於7。
10、淡水fresh water 含鹽量小於500mg/L的水。
11、冷卻水cooling water 用以降低被冷卻對象溫度的水。
12、廢水 wastewater 居民活動過程中排出的水及徑流雨水的總稱。它包括生活污水、工業廢水和初雨徑流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的來自生活和生產的排出水。
14、用水量 water consumption 用水對象實際使用的水量。
15、污水量 wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水對象排入污水系統的水量。
16、用水定額 water flow norm 對不同的排水對象，在一定時期內制訂相對合理的單位排水量的數值。
17、排水定額 wastewater flow norm 對不同的排水對象，在一定時期內制訂相對合理的單位排水量的數值。
18、水質 water quality 在給水排水工程中，水的物理、化學、生物學等方面的性質。
19、渠道 channel ,conit 天然、人工開鑿、整治或砌築的輸水通道。
20、泵站 pumping house 設置水泵機組、電氣設備和管道、閘閥等的房屋。
21、泵站 pumping station 泵房及其配套設施的總稱。
22、給水處理 water treatment 對不符合用不對象水質要求的水。進行水質改善的過程。
23、污水處理 sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 為使污水達到排水某一水體或再次使用的水質要求，對其進行凈化的過程。
24、廢水處理 wastewater disposal 對廢水的最終安排。一般將廢水排入地表水體、排放土地和再次使用等。
25、格柵 bar screen 一種柵條形的隔污設備，用以攔截水中較大尺寸的漂浮物或其他雜物。
26、曝氣 aeration 水與氣體接觸，進行溶氧或散除水中溶解性氣體和揮發性物質的過程。
27、沉澱 sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中雜物的過程。
28、澄清 clarification 通過與高濃度沉渣層的接觸而去除水中雜物的過程。
29、過濾filtration 藉助粒狀材料或多孔介質截除水中質物的過程。
30、離子交換法 ion exchange 採用離子交換劑去除水中某些鹽類離子的過程。
31、氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消滅病原體的過程。
32、余氯 resial chlorine 水中投氯，經一定時間接觸後，在水中余留的游離性氯和結合性氯的總和。
33、游離性余氯 free resial chlorine 水中以次氯酸和次氯酸鹽形態存在的余氯。
34、結合性余氯 combinative resial chlorine 水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形態存在的余氯。
35、污泥 sludge 在水處理過程中產生的，以及排水管渠中沉積的固體與水的混合物或膠體物。
36、污泥處理 sludge treatment 對污泥的最終安排。一般將污泥作農肥、製作建築材料、填埋和投棄等。
37、水頭損失 head loss 水流通過管渠、設備和構築物等所引起的能量消耗。
給水工程中系統和水量方面的術語
1、直流水系統 once through system 水經過一次使用後即行排放或處理後排放的給水系統。
2、復用水系統 water reuse system 水經重復利用後再行排放或處理後排放的給水系統。
3、循環水系統 recirculation system 水經使用後不予排放而循環利用或處理後循環利用的給水系統。
4、生活用水 domestic water 人類日常生活所需用的水。
5、生產用水 process water 生產過程所需用的水。
6、消防用水 fire demand 撲滅火災所需用的水。
7、澆灑道路用水 street flushing demand ,road watering 對城鎮道路進行保養、清洗、降溫和消塵等所需用水。
8、綠化用水 green belt sprinkling ,green plot sprinkling 對市政綠地等所需用的水。
給水工程取水構築物的術語
1、管井 deep well ,drilled well 井管從地面打到含水層，抽取地下水的井。
2、管井濾水管 deep well screen 設置在管井動水位以下，用以從含水層中集水的有縫隙或孔隙的管段。
3、管井沉澱管 grit compartment 位於管井最下部，用以容納進入井內的沙粒和從水中析出的沉澱物的管段。
4、大口井 g well ,open well 由人工開挖或沉井法施工，設置井筒，以截取淺層地下水的構築物。
5、井群 batter of wells 數個井組成的群體。
6、滲渠 infiltration gallery 壁上開孔，以集取淺層地下水的水平管渠。
7、地下水取水構築物反濾層 inverted layer 在大口井或滲渠進水處鋪設的粒徑沿水流方向由細到粗的級配礫層(簡稱反濾層)
8、泉室 spring chamber 集取泉水的構築物。
9、進水間 intake chamber 連接取水管與吸水井、內設格柵或格網的構築物。
10、格網 screen 一種網狀的用以攔截水中較大尺寸的漂浮物、水生動物或其他污染物的攔污設備。其網眼尺寸較格柵為小。
11、吸水井 suction well 為水泵吸水管專門設置的構築物。
給水工程中凈水構築物的術語
1、凈水構築物 purification structure 以去除水中懸浮固體和膠體雜質等為主要目的的構築物的總稱。
2、投葯 chemical dosing 為進行水處理而向水中加一定劑量的化學葯劑的過程。
3、混合 mixing 使投入的葯劑迅速均勻地擴散於被處理水中以創造良好的凝聚反應條件的過程。
4、凝聚 coagulation 為了消除膠體顆粒間的排斥力或破壞其親水性，使顆粒易於相互接觸而吸附的過程。
5、絮凝 flocculation A、完成凝聚的膠體在一定的外力擾動下相互碰撞、聚集以形成較大絮狀顆粒的過程。曾用名反應。 B、高分子絮凝劑在懸浮固體和膠體雜質之間吸附架橋的過程。
6、自然沉澱 plain sedimentation 不加註任何凝聚劑的沉澱過程。
7、凝聚沉澱 coagulation sedimentation 加註凝聚劑的沉澱過程。
8、凝聚劑 coagulant 在凝聚過程中所投加的葯劑的統稱。
9、助凝劑 coagulant aid 在水的沉澱、澄清過程中，為改善絮凝效果，另設加的輔助葯劑。
10、葯劑固定儲備量 standby reserve 為考慮非正常原因導致葯劑供應中斷，而在葯劑倉庫內設置的在一般情況下不準動用的儲備量。簡稱固定儲備量。
11、葯劑周轉儲備量 current reserve 考慮葯劑消耗與供應時間之間差異所需的儲備量。簡稱周轉儲備量。
12、沉沙池(沉砂池)desilting basin ,grit chamber 去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的較大粒徑沙粒或雜粒的水池。
13、預沉池 pre-sedimentation tank 原水中泥沙顆粒較大或濃度較高時，在進行凝聚沉澱處理前設置的沉澱池。
14、平流沉澱池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流動的沉澱池。
15、異向流斜管 (或斜板)沉澱池 tube(plate)settler 池內設置斜管(或斜板)，水自下而上經斜管(或斜板)進行沉澱，沉泥沿斜管(或斜板)向下滑動的沉澱的池。
16、同向流斜板沉澱池lamella 池內設置斜板，沉澱過程在斜板內進行，水流與沉泥均沿斜板向下流動的沉澱池。
17、機械攪拌澄清池 accelerator 利用機械使水提升和攪拌，促使泥渣循環，並使原水中固體雜質與己形成的泥渣接觸絮凝而分離沉澱的水池。
18、水力循環澄清池 circulator clarifier 利用水力使水提升，促使泥渣循環，並使原水中固體雜質與己形成的泥渣接觸絮凝而分離沉澱的水池。
19、脈沖澄清池 pulsator 懸浮層不斷產生固周期性的壓縮和膨脹，促使原水中固體雜質與己形成的泥渣進行接觸凝聚頁分離沉澱的水池。
20、懸浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier 加葯後的原水由上通過處於懸浮狀態的泥渣層，使水中雜質與泥渣懸浮層的顆粒碰撞凝聚而分離沉澱的水池。
21、液面負荷 surface load 在沉澱池、澄清池等沉澱構築物的凈化部分中，單位液(水)面積所負擔的出水流量。其計量單位通常以m3/(m2.h)表示。
22、氣浮池 floatation tank 運用絮凝和浮選原理使液體中的雜質分離上浮而去除的池子。
23、氣浮溶氣罐 dissolved air vessel 在氣浮工藝中，水與空氣在有壓條件下相互溶合的密閉容器。簡稱溶氣罐。
24、清水池 clear-water reservoir 為貯存水廠中凈化後的清水，以調節水廠制水量與供水量之間的差額，並為滿足加氯接觸時間而設置的水池。
給水工程中輸配水管網的術語
1、配水管網 distribution system ，pipe system 將水送到分配管網以至用戶的管系。
2、環狀管網pipe network 配水管網的一種置形式，管道縱橫相互接通，形成環狀。
3、枝狀管網 branch system 配水管網的一種布置形式，干管和支管分明，形成樹枝狀。
4、水管支墩 buttress ,anchorage 為防止由管內水壓引起的水管配件接頭移位而造成漏水，需在水管幹線適當部位砌築的墩座。簡稱支墩。
排水工程中排水制度和管渠附屬構築物的術語及其涵義
1、排水制度 sewer system 在一個地區內收集和輸送廢水的方式。它有合流制和分流制兩種基本方式。
2、合流制 combined system 用同一種管渠分別收集和輸送廢水的排水的方式。
3、分流制 separate system 用不同管渠分別收集和輸送各種污水、雨水和生產廢水的排水的方式。
4、檢查井 manhole 排水管渠上連接其他管渠以及供養護工人檢查、清通和出入管渠的構築物。
5、跌水井 drop manhole 上下游管底跌差較大的檢查井。
6、事故排出口 emergency outlet 在排水系統發生故障時，把廢水臨時排放到天然水體或其它地點去的設施。
7、曝雨溢流井 (截留井)storm overflow well ,intercepting well 合流制排水系統中，用來截留、控制合流水量的構築物
排水工程中水和水處理的術語及其涵義
1、生活污水 domestic sewage ,domestic wastewater 居民中日常生活中排出的廢水。
2、工業廢水 instrial wastewater 生產過程中排出的水。它包括生產廢水和生產污水。
3、生產污水polluted instrial wastewater 被污染的工業廢水。還包括水溫過高，排入後造成熱污染的工業廢水。
4、生產廢水 non-polluted instrial wastewater 未受污染或受輕微污染以及水溫稍有升高的工業廢水。
5、城市污水 municipal sewage ,municipal wastewater 排入城鎮污水系統的污水的統稱。在合流制排水系統中，還包括生產廢水和截留的雨水。
6、旱流污水 dry weather flow 合流制排水系統在晴天時輸送的污水。
7、水體自凈 self-purification of water bodies 河流等水體在自然條件的生化作用下，有機物降解，溶解氧回升和水體生物群逐漸恢復正常的過程。
8、一級處理 primary treatment 去除污水中的漂浮物和懸浮物的凈化過程，主要為沉澱。
9、二級處理 secondary treatment 污水經一級處理後，用生物處理方法繼續除去污水不膠體和溶解性有機物的凈化過程。
10、生物處理 biological treatment 利用微生物的作用，使污水中不穩定有機物降解和穩定的過程。
11、活性污泥法 activated sludge process 污水生物處理的一種方法。該法是在人工充氧條件下，對污水和各微生物群體進行連續混和培養，形成活性污泥。利用活性污泥的生物凝聚、吸附和氧化作用，以分解去除污水中的有機污染物。然後使污泥與水分離，大部分污泥再迴流到曝氣池，多餘部分則排出活性污泥系統。
12、生物膜法 biomembrance process 污水生物處理的一種方法。該法採用各種不同載體，通過污水與載體的不斷接觸，在載體上繁殖生物膜，利用膜的生物吸附和氧化作用，以降解去除污水中的有機污染物，脫落下來的生物膜與水進行分離。
13、雙層沉澱池(隱化池) Imhoff tank 由上層沉澱槽和下層污泥消化室組成。
14、初次沉澱池 primary sedimentation tank 污水處理中第一次沉澱的構築物，主要用以降低污水中的懸浮固體濃度。
15、二次沉澱池 secondary sedimentation tank 污水生物處理出水的沉澱構築物，用以分離其中的污泥。
16、生物濾池 biological filter ,trickling filter 由碎石或塑料製品填料構成的生物處理構築物。污水與填料表面上生長的微生物膜間歇接觸，使污水得到凈化。
17、生物接觸氧化 bio-contact oxidation 由浸沒在污水中的填料和人工曝氣系統構成的生物處理工藝。在有氧的條件下，污水與填表面的生物膜反復接觸，使污水獲得凈化。
18、曝氣池 aeration tank 利用活性污泥法進行污水生物處理的構築物。池內提供一定污水停留時間，滿足好氧微生物所需的氧量以及污水與活性污泥充分接觸的混合條件。
排水工程中污泥和污泥處理的術語及其涵義
1、原污泥 raw sludge 未經污泥處理的初沉污泥、二沉剩餘污或兩者的混合污泥。
2、初沉污泥 primary sludge 從初次沉澱池排出的沉澱物。
3、二沉污泥 secondary sludge 從二次沉澱池排出的沉澱物。
4、活性污泥 activated sludge 曝氣池中繁殖的含有各種好氧微生物群體的絮狀體。
5、消化污泥 digested sludge 經過好氧消化或厭氧消化的污泥，所含有機物質濃度有一定程度的降低，並趨於穩定。
6、迴流污泥 returned sludge 由於次沉澱池(或沉澱區)分離出來，迴流到曝氣池的活性污泥。
7、剩餘污泥 excess activated sludge 活性污泥系統中從二次沉澱池(或沉澱區)排出系統外的活性污泥。
8、污泥氣 sludge gas 在污泥厭氧消化時，有機物分解所產生的氣體。主要成分為甲烷和二氧化碳，並有少量的氫、氮和硫化氫。俗稱沼氣。
9、污泥消化 sludge digestion 在有氧或無氧條件下，利用微生物的作用，使污泥中有機物轉化為較穩定物質的過程。
10、好氧消化 aerobic digestion 污泥經過較長時間的曝氣，其中一部分有機物由好氧微生物進一步降解和穩定的過程。
11、厭氧消化 anaerobic digestion 在無氧條件下，污泥中的有機物由厭氧微生物進行降解和穩定的過程。
12、中溫消化 mesophilic digestion 污泥在溫度為33℃－35℃時進行的厭氧消化工藝。
13、高溫消化 thermophilic digestion 污泥在溫度為53℃－55℃時進行的厭氧消化工藝。
14、污泥濃縮 sludge thickening 採用重力或氣浮法降低污泥含水量，使污泥稠化的過程。
15、污泥淘洗 elutriation of sludge 改善污泥脫水能的一種污泥預處理方法。用清水或廢水淘洗污泥，降低水化污泥鹼度，節省污泥處理投葯量，提高污濾脫水效率。
16、污泥脫水 sludge dewatering 對濃縮污泥進一步去除一部分含水量的過程，一般指機械脫水。
17、污泥真空過濾 sludge vacuum filtration 利用真空使過濾介質一側減壓，介質的污泥脫水方法。
18、污泥壓濾 sludge pressure filtration 採用正壓過濾，使污泥水強制濾過介質的污泥脫水方法。
19、污泥干化 sludge drying 通過滲濾或蒸發等作用，從污泥中去除大部分含水量的過程，一般指採用污泥干化場(床)等自然蒸發設施。
20、污泥焚燒 sludge incineration 污泥處理的一種工藝。它利用焚燒爐將脫水污泥加溫乾燥，再用高溫氧化污泥中的有機物，使污泥成為少量灰燼。
排水工程中物理量的術語及其涵義
1、生化需氧量 biochmical oxygen demand 水樣在一定條件下，於一定期間內(一般採用5日、20℃)進行需氧化所消耗的溶解氧量。英文簡稱BOD。
2、化學需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 水樣中可氧化物從氧化劑重鉻酸鉀中所吸收的氧量。英文簡稱COD。
3、耗氧量 oxygen consumption 水樣中氧化物從氧化劑高錳酸鉀所吸收的氧量。英文簡稱OC或CODMn 。
4、懸浮固體 suspended solid 水中呈懸浮狀態的固體，一般指用濾紙過濾水樣，將濾後截留物在105℃溫度中乾燥恆重後的固體重量。英文簡稱SS
⑨ 水處理有限公司英文怎麼翻譯
建議：
Water treatment Co., Ltd.
⑩ 求水處理中英文對照外文論文翻譯
Introction to Civil Engineering Papers
Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development.
People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture.
The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present.
The application of a large number of steel procts is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel.
From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical instry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and compressive strength, ctility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then proce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the graal emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers.
From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle.
In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering.
During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel proction, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering.
From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been pre-stressed concrete. Pre-stressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering.
A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydro-geological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and construction technology, construction and other fields of knowledge, as well as computer and mechanical testing techniques. Civil engineering is therefore a broad range of integrated disciplines. With the progress in science and technology development and engineering practice, the civil engineering disciplines have also been developed into a broad connotation, the number of categories, the structure of complex integrated system.
Civil Engineering is accompanied by the development of human society developed. It works in the construction of facilities reflect the various historical periods of socio-economic, cultural, scientific, technological development outlook, which civil society has become one of the historical development of the witness.
In ancient times, people began to build simple houses, roads, bridges and still water channel to meet the simple life and proction. Later, in order to adapt to the war, proction and dissemination of religious life, as well as the needs of the construction of the city, canals, palaces, temples and other buildings.
Many well-known works shown in this historical period of human creativity. For example, the Great Wall of China, Dujiangyan, the Grand Canal, Zhaozhou Bridge, Yingxian Wooden Tower, the pyramids of Egypt, Greece's Parthenon, Rome's water supply project, colosseum amphitheater (Rome large animal fighting Field), as well as many other well-known churches, palaces and so on.
After the instrial revolution, especially in the 20th century, on the one hand, civil society to put forward a new demand; On the other hand, all areas of society for the advancement of civil engineering to create good conditions. Thus this period of civil engineering has been advanced by leaps and bounds. All over the world there have been large-scale modernization of instrial plants, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, highways and railways, long-span bridges, and large-diameter pipelines long tunnel, the Grand Canal, the big dams, airports, port and marine engineering, etc. . For civil engineering continually modern human society to create a new physical environment, human society, modern civilization has become an important part.
Civil Engineering is a very practical subjects. In the early days, through the civil engineering practice, summing up successful experience, in particular, to draw lessons from the failure of developed. From the beginning of the 17th century, with Galileo and Newton as a pilot with the mechanics of the modern civil engineering practice, graally formed the mechanical, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, civil engineering as the basis of theoretical subjects. This experience in civil engineering from the graally developed into a science.
In the course of the development of civil engineering, engineering practice often first experience in theory, engineering accidents often show a new unforeseen factors, triggering a new theory of the research and development. So far a number of projects dealing with the problem, is still very much rely on practical experience.
Civil Engineering Technology with the main reason for the development of engineering practice and not by virtue of scientific experiments and theoretical studies, for two reasons: First, some of the objective situation is too complicated and difficult to faithfully carry out laboratory or field testing and analysis. For example, the foundation, tunnel and underground engineering and deformation of the state and its changes over time, still need to refer to an analysis of engineering experience to judge. Second, only a new engineering practice in order to reveal new problems. For example, the construction of a high-rise buildings, high-rise tower and mast-span bridges, wind and earthquake engineering problems highlighted in order to develop this new theory and technology.
In the long-term civil engineering practice, it is not only building great attention to the arts, has made outstanding achievements; and other works, but also through the choice of different materials, such as the use of stone, steel and reinforced concrete, with natural Environmental art in the construction of a number of very beautiful, very functional and good works. Ancient Great Wall of China, the modern world, many of the television tower and the bridge ramp Zhang, are cases in point.