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水過濾英文文獻

發布時間:2023-03-06 14:56:31

❶ 求助!高手幫忙找一篇有關SBR污水處理法的英文文獻(附帶漢譯)

(中文):
SBR( Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process )是一種好氧微生物污水處理技術,是連續進水、間歇排水的周期循環間歇曝氣系統。該工藝集調節、初沉、曝氣、二沉、生物脫氮等過程於一池,按不同的時間順序進行各種目的不同的操作,全部過程都在一個池體內周而復始地進行,工藝流程簡潔,布局緊湊合理,是一種先進的污水處理系統。該技術適用於處理市政生活污水和中低濃度有機工業廢水,能有效地去除廢水中BOD5和懸浮固體(SS),將廢水中的氮化合物轉成硝酸鹽,進而轉成氨氣,使出水的氨氮(NH3-N)含量大大降低。與之相比較,傳統的連續流水處理系統CFS( Continuous Flow System )是在空間上設置不同的設施而在同一時間內進行各種操作。該工藝將調節、初沉、曝氣、二沉、生物脫氮等過程設於多個池內進行,限制了反應器的功能,擴大了使用空間和佔地面積,使運行速度遲緩,空間和地面的有效利用率降低,不適應於大中城市工業廢水、生活污水和其它多種復雜環境中各種廢水處理的需要。
(英文):
SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process) is one kind of good oxygen microorganism sewage treatment technology, is enters the water, the intermittent draining water cycle of motion intermittence aeration system continuously.This craft collection adjustment, initially sinks, the aeration, two sinks, processes and so on biological denitrogenation in one, carries on each kind of goal different operation according to the different time order, the complete process all again and again carries on in a cell body, the technical process is succinct, layout compact reasonable, is one kind of advanced sewage treatment system.This technology is suitable for the processing municipal administration sanitary sewage and the low concentration organic instrial waste, can remove in effectively the waste water BOD5 and suspended solid (SS), transfers the waste water in nitrogen compound the nitrate, then transfers the ammonia, causes the water leakage the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content to rece greatly.Compares with it, traditional continuum water disposal system CFS (Continuous Flow System) is establishes the different facility in the space to carry on each kind of operation ring the same period of time.This craft will adjust, initially sinks, the aeration, two sinks, processes and so on biological denitrogenation supposes Yu Duoge in the pond to carry on, has limited the reactor function, expanded the use space and the area, caused the running rate to be slow, spatial and the ground effective use factor reced, did not adapt in the big or media-sized cities instrial waste, the sanitary sewage and other many kinds of complex environment each kind of waste water processing need.
(希望對你有幫助!)

❷ 急求一篇關於塗裝廢水處理的英文文獻及相應翻譯,請幫忙!!!

典型汽車塗裝廢水處理工藝

摘 要:本文針對汽車塗裝廢水中含有樹脂、表面活性劑、重金屬離子,Oil、顏料等污染物,特別是其中的電泳廢水、噴漆廢水成份復雜,濃度高,可生化性差的實際情況,採用分質處理、混凝沉澱、混凝氣浮、砂濾等工藝對塗裝廢水進行處理,取得了良好效果:CODCr去除率大於80%。實際運行表明,該工藝在技術和經濟上均是合理可行的。

Treatment technics of representative coating wastewater of automobile manufacturing

Abstract:In this article, in allusion to the contamination of coating wastewater of automobile manufacturing which contains resin, surface active agent, heavy metal ion, oil, paint, dyestuff etc, especially the ELPO wastewater and painting wastewater which is complex, and has high concentration. we use separated pre-treatment, coagulating sedimentation, air flotation and sand filtration to treat coating wastewater and obtains good results: the removal rate of CODCr could be higher than 80%. The operate of the set proved that under this condition, it would be practicable both in technology and economy.

關鍵詞:塗裝廢水;分質處理;混凝沉澱;混凝氣浮;砂濾;Fenton試劑

Keywords:coating wastewater;separated pre-treatment;coagulating sedimentation;air flotation;sand filtration;Fenton reagent

http://203.208.33.132/search?q=cache:1mMFbNqlHpAJ:www1.eere.energy.gov/instry/chemicals/pdfs/ppgind.pdf+Treatment+Technology+for+WasteWater+from+Automobile+Painting&cd=10&hl=zh-CN&ct=clnk&gl=cn&st_usg=

翻譯
汽車及其零部件的塗裝是汽車製造過程中產生廢水排放最多的環節之一。塗裝廢水含有樹脂、表面活性劑、重金屬離子,Oil、PO43-、油漆、顏料、有機溶劑等污染物,CODCr值高,若不妥善處理,會對環境產生嚴重污染。對此類廢水,傳統的方法是直接對混合廢水進行混凝處理,治理效果不理想,出水水質不穩定,較難達到排放標准。特別是其中的噴漆廢水,含大量溶於水的有機溶劑,直接採用混凝法處理效果很差。我們在上海某汽車廠經過實地勘查、大量分析調研和小試,針對塗裝廢水的特點,採用分質預處理再進行後續處理的二步處理的方法,並選擇芬頓氧化—混凝沉澱,氣浮物化工藝進行處理,達到了排放標准,CODCr去除率達到80%以上。

1廢水的來源和主要污染物
1.1 塗裝廢水的來源及有害物質

塗裝廢水主要來自於預脫脂、脫脂、表調、磷化、鈍化等車身前處理工序;陰極電泳工序和中塗、噴面漆工序。

廢水中含有的主要有毒、有害物質如下:

塗裝前處理:亞硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽、乳化油、表面活性劑、Ni2+、Zn2+。

底塗:低溶劑陰極電泳漆膜、無鉛陰極電泳漆膜、顏料、粉劑、環氧樹脂、丁醇、乙二醇單丁醚、異丙醇、二甲基乙醇胺、聚丁二烯樹脂、二甲基乙醇、油漆等。

中塗、面塗:二甲苯、香蕉水等有機溶劑、漆膜、顏料、粉劑。

1.2 廢水水質、水量

本工程設計處理水量60m3/h。

油漆車間排放的廢水分為間歇排放的廢槽液和連續排放的清洗水。

間歇排放廢水主要來源於前處理槽的倒槽廢液、噴漆工段排放的廢液等,廢水濃度高,一次排放量大,水質如表1所示。

表1 間歇排放廢水的水質













CODCr
mg/L
Oil
mg/L
PO43-
mg/L
Zn2+
mg/L
Ni2+
mg/L
Cd2+
mg/L
碳黑
mg/L
pH 其它
預脫脂槽、脫脂槽廢槽液、後噴淋、浸漬槽廢槽液 2500~
4000
300~
950
250~400 9.5~11
表調槽廢槽液 15~30 8.5~10.5
磷化槽廢槽液、後噴淋、浸漬槽廢槽液 400~600 100~150 20~30 6
鈍化槽廢槽液、後噴淋、浸漬槽廢槽液 50~100 1~3 4~5
電泳廢槽液 3000~
20000
81 7~9
中塗、面漆噴漆室水槽廢液 3000 5~6 漆渣

連續排放廢水主要來自於前處理工序的後噴淋、浸漬槽的溢流廢水等,相對間歇排放廢水,其濃度低、總排放水量大,其水質如表2所示。

表2 連續排放廢水的水質













CODCr
mg/L
Oil
mg/L
PO43-
mg/L
Zn2+
mg/L
Ni2+
mg/L
Cd2+
mg/L
碳黑
mg/L
pH
脫脂後沖洗廢水 300 25 10~20 7~8
磷化後沖洗廢水 20~30 12 8 6
鈍化後沖洗廢水 10~15 0.1 5~6
DI水噴淋槽噴淋廢水 3900 1~3 4
循環去離子清洗廢水 400 6
自泳後水洗溢流廢水 100~1000 8 7~9

2.塗裝廢水處理工藝設計
汽車塗裝廢水處理工藝的關鍵之一在於合理的清濁分質。對部分難處理或影響後續處理的廢水,根據其性質和排放規律,先進行間歇的預處理,再和其它廢水集中連續處理,這樣不僅可以取得較好的和穩定的處理效果,而且在經濟上也合理可行。

2.1 塗裝廢水處理工藝流程

塗裝廢水處理工藝流程如圖1所示。

圖1某汽車廠塗裝廢水處理站處理流程

2.2 間歇預處理

2.2.1 脫脂廢液
對脫脂廢液採用酸化法進行破乳預處理,向脫脂廢液中投加無機酸將pH調至2~3,使乳化劑中的高級脂肪酸皂析出脂肪酸,這些高級脂肪酸不溶於水而溶於油,從而使脫脂廢液破乳析油。

另外,加酸後使脫脂廢液中的陰離子表面活性劑在酸性溶液中易分解而失去穩定性,失去了原有的親油和親水的平衡,從而達到破乳。經預處理後CODCr從2500~4000mg/L降低到1500~2400mg/L,去除率在40%左右;而含油量從300~950 mg/L降至50~70 mg/L,去除率高達90%~95%。

2.2.2 電泳廢液
在陰極電泳廢水中含有大量高分子有機物,CODCr最高可達20000mg/L,還含大量電泳渣,這些物質在水中呈細小懸浮物或呈負電性的膠體狀。處理中加入適當的陽離子型聚丙烯醯胺(PAM)和聚合氯化鋁(PAC)作混凝劑,利用絮凝劑的吸附架橋作用來快速去除廢水中的污染物。電泳廢液在預處理時要求pH值在11~12之間,有較好的沉澱效果。反應後的出水CODCr在2000 mg/L左右。

2.2.3 噴漆廢水
對噴漆廢水先採用Fenton試劑(H2O2+FeSO4)對其進行預處理,使其中的有機物氧化分解,CODCr去除效率約在30%左右,再加入PAC和PAM對其進行混凝沉澱,經過此兩步處理,CODCr的總去除率可達到60%~80%,由3000~20000mg/L降至1200~4000mg/L。出水排入混合廢水調節池。

Fenton試劑具有很強的氧化能力,當pH值較低時(控制在3左右),H2O2被Fe2+催化分解生成羥基自由基(·OH),並引發更多的其他自由基,從而引發一系列的鏈反應[1]。通過具有極強的氧化能力的·OH與有機物的反應,使廢水中的難降解有機物發生部分氧化、使廢水中的有機物C—C鍵斷裂,最終分解成H2O、CO2等,使CODCr降低。或者發生偶合或氧化,改變其電子雲密度和結構,形成分子量不太大的中間產物,從而改變它們的溶解性和混凝沉澱性。同時,Fe2+被氧化生成Fe(OH)3在一定酸度下以膠體形態存在,具有凝聚、吸附性能,還可除去水中部分懸浮物和雜質。出水通過後續的混凝沉澱進一步去除污染物,以達到凈化的目的[2]。

2.3 連續處理

經預處理的各類廢水排入均和調節池中,與其它廢水混合後進入連續處理流程。混合後的廢水CODCr約為700~900mg/L。連續處理分為二級:混凝沉澱和混凝氣浮。

在塗裝廢水中,油、高分子樹脂(環氧樹脂)、顏料(碳黑)、粉劑、磷酸鹽等在表面活性劑、溶劑及各種助劑的作用下,以膠體的形式穩定地分散在水溶液中。可以靠投加化學葯劑來破壞膠體的細微懸浮顆粒在水中形成的穩定體系,使其聚集成有明顯沉澱性能的絮凝體,然後形成沉澱或浮渣加以除去[3]。

在廢水中加入一定量的無機絮凝劑後,它們可中和乳化油或高分子樹脂的電位,壓縮雙電層,膠粒碰撞促進凝集,完成脫穩過程,形成細小密實的絮凝物。這樣可使塗裝廢水中的金屬離子和磷酸根離子在鹼性條件下生成的固體小顆粒形成沉澱物[4]。所以混凝處理可有效地去除汽車塗裝廢水中的油、高分子樹脂、顏料和粉劑[5]。

重金屬離子和磷酸鹽中,由於Ni2+生成Ni(OH)2沉澱以及PO43-生成Ca3 (PO4) 2沉澱的最佳pH值是10以上;而Zn2+生成氫氧化物沉澱的最佳pH值范圍是8.5~9.5,pH過高會形成ZnO22-而溶解。所以要分二級混凝反應以分別去除Ni2+,PO43-和Zn2+ 。同時,混凝反應後的固液分離分別採用的是斜板沉澱池和氣浮池,這樣既可以用斜板沉澱池來去除比重較大的重金屬化合物沉澱,又可以用氣浮池來去除比重較輕的有機物等。

2.3.1 混凝沉澱
第一級為混凝沉澱調節pH值為10~10.5。

反應槽採用推流式反應槽,分為三格。第一格加鹼將pH調高至10~10.5,加入CaCl2,第二格加FeSO4,第三格加混凝劑PAM,反應後進入斜板沉澱池進行固液分離。三格停留時間分別為15min、15min、7.5min。斜板沉澱池表面負荷按2m3/m2·h設計。一級反應CODCr去除率為50%~60%。圖2為一級反應槽示意圖。

圖2 一級反應槽示意圖

2.3.2 混凝氣浮
二級反應的反應槽,也採用推流式反應槽,分為三格。第一格加酸將pH回調至8.5~9,第二格加PAC,第三格加PAM,反應後進入氣浮池進行固液分離。二級反應槽三格停留時間分別為10min、10min、5min。氣浮池的溶氣水按處理水量的30%設計。二級反應CODCr去除率為20%~25%,同時氣浮也去除了Zn2+和一部分的表面活性劑。

2.4 深度處理

深度處理採用砂濾和活性炭過濾。從運行情況看,經砂濾後的出水即能達到排放標准(CODCr≤300mg/L)。砂濾裝置的過濾速度控制在10~12m3/(m2·h)。反沖洗水由監測水箱中的水加壓後提供,反沖洗強度控制在16~18L/(m2·s)。

砂濾後的出水已能達到排放要求,因此,活性炭過濾只是一個應急保證措施,一般情況下較少使用。

2.5 污泥處理

污泥處理的好壞,直接影響廢水處理站的運行。由於污泥含油量高,直接進行壓濾效果較差,在污泥濃縮槽中加入Ca(OH)2,pH調整至10左右,能達到較好的壓濾效果。污泥含水率經板框壓濾機後可由99%下降至75%~80%。

2.6 連續處理去除率分析

連續處理過程去除率如表3所示。

表3 連續處理效率

出水位置 CODCr去除率
斜板沉澱池出口 50%~60%
氣浮池出口 20%~25%
砂濾出口 15%

3處理效果分析
該工程自2002年運行至今,處理效果穩定,表4為上海市環境監測中心2004年對該廠的監測分析報告數據匯總。監測時間為3天,每天取樣12次(1小時取樣一次,包括廢水處理裝置進口和出口)。

表4 廢水處理設施總排口監測數據

監測
項目
廢水處理裝置進口* 廢水處理裝置出口 上海市《污水綜合排放標准》(DB31/199–1997)
濃度最小值(mg/L) 濃度最大值(mg/L) 濃度平均值(mg/L) 濃度最小值(mg/L) 濃度最大值(mg/L) 濃度平均值(mg/L)
pH 6.94 8.96 8.32 7.57 8.85 7.8 6~9
CODCr 434 759 625 73 132 115.6 300 三級標准
SS 93 351 204 21 145 29 350 三級標准
BOD5 36 145 87 4 83 16.9 150 三級標准
Oil 2.6 11.5 5.1 0.1 0.9 0.6 10 二級標准
Zn2+** - - - 0.02 1.6 0.09 4.0 二級標准
Mn2+** - - - 0.05 0.26 0.16 5.0 二級標准
Ni2+** - - - ND 0.18 0.09 1.0 第一類污染物排放標准
苯 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 二級標准
甲苯 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 二級標准
二甲苯 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.6 二級標准

*廢水處理裝置進口指連續處理裝置進口。

** Zn2+、Mn2+、Ni2+本次監測未分析,表中所列為該廠廢水處理站日常分析數據。

由上表可以看出,經處理後的廢水以上海市《污水綜合排放標准》(DB31/199—1997)進行評價,其中CODCr、BOD5、SS按三級標准評價(廢水處理後排入安亭水質凈化廠),其餘採用二級標准及第一類污染物最高允許排放濃度,均能達到工程設計指標。

目前,處理裝置運行穩定,出水均能達標。

4.技術經濟分析
工程造價和運行費用是人們在選用處理方法時所必須考慮和關心的問題。本工程採用分質處理後,與一般的集中物化處理比較,節省了加葯量,污泥產量也有所減少,在一定程度上減少了運行費用,更重要的是保證了出水水質的穩定達標。本項目的技術經濟指標見表5。

表5 本處理工程技術經濟指標

總投資/萬元 單位體積污水投資/萬元 年運行費用/萬元 單位體積污水處理費/元/m3
800 1.11 30 1.67

*年工作日按250天計,日處理水量為720 m3。

5.結論
1、本工程採用分質處理、混凝沉澱、混凝氣浮、砂濾等工藝對汽車塗裝廢水進行處理在技術和經濟上是合理可行的。實際運行結果證明,此工藝對重金屬、SS、Oil的去除效率超過90%,對CODCr的去除率大於80%。

2、汽車塗裝廢水水量和水質變化大,要特別的重視廢水水量、水質均衡和分質預處理。根據工程實踐證明,對脫脂廢液,電泳廢水、廢液和噴漆廢水這三股廢水分別進行間歇預處理,這不僅有利於後續處理效率的提高,體現出技術和經濟的統一,而且對整個系統的穩定運行和出水的穩定達標至關重要。

參考文獻:

熊忠,林衍等 Fenton氧化法在廢水處理中的應用[J] 新疆環境保護,2002,24(2):35~39
張林生,魏峰等 物理化學法處理汽車工業電泳塗裝工藝中的超濾液廢水[J] 給水排水,1999,25(10):33~36
劉紹根,汽車塗裝廢水處理技術[J] 工業用水與廢水,2001,32(2):11~13
劉紹根,黃顯懷 物化—生化法處理汽車生產廢水[J] 給水排水,2001,27(12):53~56
廖亮,吳一飛等 磷化-噴漆線的廢水處理工藝研究[J] 環境技術,2000,18,(4):18~21

❸ 求助一篇生活污水處理英文文獻

非洲喀麥隆,不過包括處理池塘減少蚊蟲

Mosquito development in a macrophyte-based wastewater
treatment plant in Cameroon (Central Africa)
Ives Magloire Kengne a,∗, François Brissaud b, Amougou Akoa a,
Roger Atangana Etemea, Jean Nyaa, Alomba Ndikefor a, Theophile Fonkou c
a Wastewater Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University Yaounde I, P.O. Box 8404, Yaounde, Cameroon
b Hydrosciences, University Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
c Faculty of Science, University Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
Received 10 December 2002; received in revised form 30 July 2003; accepted 15 August 2003

http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/leeds/mosquito.pdf

http://www.ianrpubs.unl.e/epublic/live/g1479/build/g1479.pdf

Water and Wastewater Element
Introction
This element addresses the City of Hagerstown』s water and wastewater systems. It
establishes policies to guide the provision of future wastewater and water service to the
City and its Medium-Range Growth Area. While this element is not intended to meet the
requirements of the Water Resources Element (pursuant to House Bill 1141), it
nonetheless sets forth policies that emphasize the maximization of available treatment
capacity, and the coordination of water and wastewater service allocation with the City』s
growth goals. This element of the 2008 Comprehensive Plan will supplement the
Washington County Water and Sewer Plan, which was in progress in 2008. Figure 4-1
delineates current water and wastewater service areas.
Wastewater Service

http://www.hagerstownmd.org/Assets/Plan_Dev/04-Water-Sewer.pdf

這個建議你看一下,Power Point講美國加州
http://www.doh.state.fl.us/chdJackson/Documents/Jackson_Blue_springs4forweb.pdf

這個可以看看
http://www.ianrpubs.unl.e/epublic/live/g1473/build/g1473.pdf

❹ 急求關於水處理的英文原文和翻譯,謝謝了

給排水常用名詞中英文對照
1、給水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和處理以及成品水輸配的工程。
2、排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、輸送、處理和處置廢水的工程。
3、給水系統 water supply system 給水的取水、輸水、水質處理和配水等設施以一定方式組合成的總體。
4、排水系統 sewerage system 排水的收集、輸送、水質處理和排放等設施以一定方式組合成的總體。
5、給水水源 water source 給水工程所取用的原水水體。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取來的原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在於地殼表面,暴露於大氣的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在於地殼岩石裂縫或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦鹹水(鹼性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 鹼度大於硬度的水,並含大量中性鹽,PH值大於7。
10、淡水fresh water 含鹽量小於500mg/L的水。
11、冷卻水cooling water 用以降低被冷卻對象溫度的水。
12、廢水 wastewater 居民活動過程中排出的水及徑流雨水的總稱。它包括生活污水、工業廢水和初雨徑流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的來自生活和生產的排出水。
14、用水量 water consumption 用水對象實際使用的水量。
15、污水量 wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水對象排入污水系統的水量。
16、用水定額 water flow norm 對不同的排水對象,在一定時期內制訂相對合理的單位排水量的數值。
17、排水定額 wastewater flow norm 對不同的排水對象,在一定時期內制訂相對合理的單位排水量的數值。
18、水質 water quality 在給水排水工程中,水的物理、化學、生物學等方面的性質。
19、渠道 channel ,conit 天然、人工開鑿、整治或砌築的輸水通道。
20、泵站 pumping house 設置水泵機組、電氣設備和管道、閘閥等的房屋。
21、泵站 pumping station 泵房及其配套設施的總稱。
22、給水處理 water treatment 對不符合用不對象水質要求的水。進行水質改善的過程。
23、污水處理 sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 為使污水達到排水某一水體或再次使用的水質要求,對其進行凈化的過程。
24、廢水處理 wastewater disposal 對廢水的最終安排。一般將廢水排入地表水體、排放土地和再次使用等。
25、格柵 bar screen 一種柵條形的隔污設備,用以攔截水中較大尺寸的漂浮物或其他雜物。
26、曝氣 aeration 水與氣體接觸,進行溶氧或散除水中溶解性氣體和揮發性物質的過程。
27、沉澱 sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中雜物的過程。
28、澄清 clarification 通過與高濃度沉渣層的接觸而去除水中雜物的過程。
29、過濾filtration 藉助粒狀材料或多孔介質截除水中質物的過程。
30、離子交換法 ion exchange 採用離子交換劑去除水中某些鹽類離子的過程。
31、氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消滅病原體的過程。
32、余氯 resial chlorine 水中投氯,經一定時間接觸後,在水中余留的游離性氯和結合性氯的總和。
33、游離性余氯 free resial chlorine 水中以次氯酸和次氯酸鹽形態存在的余氯。
34、結合性余氯 combinative resial chlorine 水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形態存在的余氯。
35、污泥 sludge 在水處理過程中產生的,以及排水管渠中沉積的固體與水的混合物或膠體物。
36、污泥處理 sludge treatment 對污泥的最終安排。一般將污泥作農肥、製作建築材料、填埋和投棄等。
37、水頭損失 head loss 水流通過管渠、設備和構築物等所引起的能量消耗。

給水工程中系統和水量方面的術語
1、直流水系統 once through system 水經過一次使用後即行排放或處理後排放的給水系統。
2、復用水系統 water reuse system 水經重復利用後再行排放或處理後排放的給水系統。
3、循環水系統 recirculation system 水經使用後不予排放而循環利用或處理後循環利用的給水系統。
4、生活用水 domestic water 人類日常生活所需用的水。
5、生產用水 process water 生產過程所需用的水。
6、消防用水 fire demand 撲滅火災所需用的水。
7、澆灑道路用水 street flushing demand ,road watering 對城鎮道路進行保養、清洗、降溫和消塵等所需用水。
8、綠化用水 green belt sprinkling ,green plot sprinkling 對市政綠地等所需用的水。

給水工程取水構築物的術語
1、管井 deep well ,drilled well 井管從地面打到含水層,抽取地下水的井。
2、管井濾水管 deep well screen 設置在管井動水位以下,用以從含水層中集水的有縫隙或孔隙的管段。
3、管井沉澱管 grit compartment 位於管井最下部,用以容納進入井內的沙粒和從水中析出的沉澱物的管段。
4、大口井 g well ,open well 由人工開挖或沉井法施工,設置井筒,以截取淺層地下水的構築物。
5、井群 batter of wells 數個井組成的群體。
6、滲渠 infiltration gallery 壁上開孔,以集取淺層地下水的水平管渠。
7、地下水取水構築物反濾層 inverted layer 在大口井或滲渠進水處鋪設的粒徑沿水流方向由細到粗的級配礫層(簡稱反濾層)
8、泉室 spring chamber 集取泉水的構築物。
9、進水間 intake chamber 連接取水管與吸水井、內設格柵或格網的構築物。
10、格網 screen 一種網狀的用以攔截水中較大尺寸的漂浮物、水生動物或其他污染物的攔污設備。其網眼尺寸較格柵為小。
11、吸水井 suction well 為水泵吸水管專門設置的構築物。

給水工程中凈水構築物的術語
1、凈水構築物 purification structure 以去除水中懸浮固體和膠體雜質等為主要目的的構築物的總稱。
2、投葯 chemical dosing 為進行水處理而向水中加一定劑量的化學葯劑的過程。
3、混合 mixing 使投入的葯劑迅速均勻地擴散於被處理水中以創造良好的凝聚反應條件的過程。
4、凝聚 coagulation 為了消除膠體顆粒間的排斥力或破壞其親水性,使顆粒易於相互接觸而吸附的過程。
5、絮凝 flocculation A、完成凝聚的膠體在一定的外力擾動下相互碰撞、聚集以形成較大絮狀顆粒的過程。曾用名反應。 B、高分子絮凝劑在懸浮固體和膠體雜質之間吸附架橋的過程。
6、自然沉澱 plain sedimentation 不加註任何凝聚劑的沉澱過程。
7、凝聚沉澱 coagulation sedimentation 加註凝聚劑的沉澱過程。
8、凝聚劑 coagulant 在凝聚過程中所投加的葯劑的統稱。
9、助凝劑 coagulant aid 在水的沉澱、澄清過程中,為改善絮凝效果,另設加的輔助葯劑。
10、葯劑固定儲備量 standby reserve 為考慮非正常原因導致葯劑供應中斷,而在葯劑倉庫內設置的在一般情況下不準動用的儲備量。簡稱固定儲備量。
11、葯劑周轉儲備量 current reserve 考慮葯劑消耗與供應時間之間差異所需的儲備量。簡稱周轉儲備量。
12、沉沙池(沉砂池)desilting basin ,grit chamber 去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的較大粒徑沙粒或雜粒的水池。
13、預沉池 pre-sedimentation tank 原水中泥沙顆粒較大或濃度較高時,在進行凝聚沉澱處理前設置的沉澱池。
14、平流沉澱池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流動的沉澱池。
15、異向流斜管 (或斜板)沉澱池 tube(plate)settler 池內設置斜管(或斜板),水自下而上經斜管(或斜板)進行沉澱,沉泥沿斜管(或斜板)向下滑動的沉澱的池。
16、同向流斜板沉澱池lamella 池內設置斜板,沉澱過程在斜板內進行,水流與沉泥均沿斜板向下流動的沉澱池。
17、機械攪拌澄清池 accelerator 利用機械使水提升和攪拌,促使泥渣循環,並使原水中固體雜質與己形成的泥渣接觸絮凝而分離沉澱的水池。
18、水力循環澄清池 circulator clarifier 利用水力使水提升,促使泥渣循環,並使原水中固體雜質與己形成的泥渣接觸絮凝而分離沉澱的水池。
19、脈沖澄清池 pulsator 懸浮層不斷產生固周期性的壓縮和膨脹,促使原水中固體雜質與己形成的泥渣進行接觸凝聚頁分離沉澱的水池。
20、懸浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier 加葯後的原水由上通過處於懸浮狀態的泥渣層,使水中雜質與泥渣懸浮層的顆粒碰撞凝聚而分離沉澱的水池。
21、液面負荷 surface load 在沉澱池、澄清池等沉澱構築物的凈化部分中,單位液(水)面積所負擔的出水流量。其計量單位通常以m3/(m2.h)表示。
22、氣浮池 floatation tank 運用絮凝和浮選原理使液體中的雜質分離上浮而去除的池子。
23、氣浮溶氣罐 dissolved air vessel 在氣浮工藝中,水與空氣在有壓條件下相互溶合的密閉容器。簡稱溶氣罐。
24、清水池 clear-water reservoir 為貯存水廠中凈化後的清水,以調節水廠制水量與供水量之間的差額,並為滿足加氯接觸時間而設置的水池。

給水工程中輸配水管網的術語
1、配水管網 distribution system ,pipe system 將水送到分配管網以至用戶的管系。
2、環狀管網pipe network 配水管網的一種置形式,管道縱橫相互接通,形成環狀。
3、枝狀管網 branch system 配水管網的一種布置形式,干管和支管分明,形成樹枝狀。
4、水管支墩 buttress ,anchorage 為防止由管內水壓引起的水管配件接頭移位而造成漏水,需在水管幹線適當部位砌築的墩座。簡稱支墩。

排水工程中排水制度和管渠附屬構築物的術語及其涵義
1、排水制度 sewer system 在一個地區內收集和輸送廢水的方式。它有合流制和分流制兩種基本方式。
2、合流制 combined system 用同一種管渠分別收集和輸送廢水的排水的方式。
3、分流制 separate system 用不同管渠分別收集和輸送各種污水、雨水和生產廢水的排水的方式。
4、檢查井 manhole 排水管渠上連接其他管渠以及供養護工人檢查、清通和出入管渠的構築物。
5、跌水井 drop manhole 上下游管底跌差較大的檢查井。
6、事故排出口 emergency outlet 在排水系統發生故障時,把廢水臨時排放到天然水體或其它地點去的設施。
7、曝雨溢流井 (截留井)storm overflow well ,intercepting well 合流制排水系統中,用來截留、控制合流水量的構築物

排水工程中水和水處理的術語及其涵義
1、生活污水 domestic sewage ,domestic wastewater 居民中日常生活中排出的廢水。
2、工業廢水 instrial wastewater 生產過程中排出的水。它包括生產廢水和生產污水。
3、生產污水polluted instrial wastewater 被污染的工業廢水。還包括水溫過高,排入後造成熱污染的工業廢水。
4、生產廢水 non-polluted instrial wastewater 未受污染或受輕微污染以及水溫稍有升高的工業廢水。
5、城市污水 municipal sewage ,municipal wastewater 排入城鎮污水系統的污水的統稱。在合流制排水系統中,還包括生產廢水和截留的雨水。
6、旱流污水 dry weather flow 合流制排水系統在晴天時輸送的污水。
7、水體自凈 self-purification of water bodies 河流等水體在自然條件的生化作用下,有機物降解,溶解氧回升和水體生物群逐漸恢復正常的過程。
8、一級處理 primary treatment 去除污水中的漂浮物和懸浮物的凈化過程,主要為沉澱。
9、二級處理 secondary treatment 污水經一級處理後,用生物處理方法繼續除去污水不膠體和溶解性有機物的凈化過程。
10、生物處理 biological treatment 利用微生物的作用,使污水中不穩定有機物降解和穩定的過程。
11、活性污泥法 activated sludge process 污水生物處理的一種方法。該法是在人工充氧條件下,對污水和各微生物群體進行連續混和培養,形成活性污泥。利用活性污泥的生物凝聚、吸附和氧化作用,以分解去除污水中的有機污染物。然後使污泥與水分離,大部分污泥再迴流到曝氣池,多餘部分則排出活性污泥系統。
12、生物膜法 biomembrance process 污水生物處理的一種方法。該法採用各種不同載體,通過污水與載體的不斷接觸,在載體上繁殖生物膜,利用膜的生物吸附和氧化作用,以降解去除污水中的有機污染物,脫落下來的生物膜與水進行分離。
13、雙層沉澱池(隱化池) Imhoff tank 由上層沉澱槽和下層污泥消化室組成。
14、初次沉澱池 primary sedimentation tank 污水處理中第一次沉澱的構築物,主要用以降低污水中的懸浮固體濃度。
15、二次沉澱池 secondary sedimentation tank 污水生物處理出水的沉澱構築物,用以分離其中的污泥。
16、生物濾池 biological filter ,trickling filter 由碎石或塑料製品填料構成的生物處理構築物。污水與填料表面上生長的微生物膜間歇接觸,使污水得到凈化。
17、生物接觸氧化 bio-contact oxidation 由浸沒在污水中的填料和人工曝氣系統構成的生物處理工藝。在有氧的條件下,污水與填表面的生物膜反復接觸,使污水獲得凈化。
18、曝氣池 aeration tank 利用活性污泥法進行污水生物處理的構築物。池內提供一定污水停留時間,滿足好氧微生物所需的氧量以及污水與活性污泥充分接觸的混合條件。

排水工程中污泥和污泥處理的術語及其涵義
1、原污泥 raw sludge 未經污泥處理的初沉污泥、二沉剩餘污或兩者的混合污泥。
2、初沉污泥 primary sludge 從初次沉澱池排出的沉澱物。
3、二沉污泥 secondary sludge 從二次沉澱池排出的沉澱物。
4、活性污泥 activated sludge 曝氣池中繁殖的含有各種好氧微生物群體的絮狀體。
5、消化污泥 digested sludge 經過好氧消化或厭氧消化的污泥,所含有機物質濃度有一定程度的降低,並趨於穩定。
6、迴流污泥 returned sludge 由於次沉澱池(或沉澱區)分離出來,迴流到曝氣池的活性污泥。
7、剩餘污泥 excess activated sludge 活性污泥系統中從二次沉澱池(或沉澱區)排出系統外的活性污泥。
8、污泥氣 sludge gas 在污泥厭氧消化時,有機物分解所產生的氣體。主要成分為甲烷和二氧化碳,並有少量的氫、氮和硫化氫。俗稱沼氣。
9、污泥消化 sludge digestion 在有氧或無氧條件下,利用微生物的作用,使污泥中有機物轉化為較穩定物質的過程。
10、好氧消化 aerobic digestion 污泥經過較長時間的曝氣,其中一部分有機物由好氧微生物進一步降解和穩定的過程。
11、厭氧消化 anaerobic digestion 在無氧條件下,污泥中的有機物由厭氧微生物進行降解和穩定的過程。
12、中溫消化 mesophilic digestion 污泥在溫度為33℃-35℃時進行的厭氧消化工藝。
13、高溫消化 thermophilic digestion 污泥在溫度為53℃-55℃時進行的厭氧消化工藝。
14、污泥濃縮 sludge thickening 採用重力或氣浮法降低污泥含水量,使污泥稠化的過程。
15、污泥淘洗 elutriation of sludge 改善污泥脫水能的一種污泥預處理方法。用清水或廢水淘洗污泥,降低水化污泥鹼度,節省污泥處理投葯量,提高污濾脫水效率。
16、污泥脫水 sludge dewatering 對濃縮污泥進一步去除一部分含水量的過程,一般指機械脫水。
17、污泥真空過濾 sludge vacuum filtration 利用真空使過濾介質一側減壓,介質的污泥脫水方法。
18、污泥壓濾 sludge pressure filtration 採用正壓過濾,使污泥水強制濾過介質的污泥脫水方法。
19、污泥干化 sludge drying 通過滲濾或蒸發等作用,從污泥中去除大部分含水量的過程,一般指採用污泥干化場(床)等自然蒸發設施。
20、污泥焚燒 sludge incineration 污泥處理的一種工藝。它利用焚燒爐將脫水污泥加溫乾燥,再用高溫氧化污泥中的有機物,使污泥成為少量灰燼。

排水工程中物理量的術語及其涵義
1、生化需氧量 biochmical oxygen demand 水樣在一定條件下,於一定期間內(一般採用5日、20℃)進行需氧化所消耗的溶解氧量。英文簡稱BOD。
2、化學需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 水樣中可氧化物從氧化劑重鉻酸鉀中所吸收的氧量。英文簡稱COD。
3、耗氧量 oxygen consumption 水樣中氧化物從氧化劑高錳酸鉀所吸收的氧量。英文簡稱OC或CODMn 。
4、懸浮固體 suspended solid 水中呈懸浮狀態的固體,一般指用濾紙過濾水樣,將濾後截留物在105℃溫度中乾燥恆重後的固體重量。英文簡稱SS

❺ 求廢水處理英文文獻一篇

Raw Influent (Sewage) is the liquid waste from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks etc. Household waste that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas sewage also includes some liquid waste from instry and commerce. In the UK, the waste from toilets is termed foul waste, the waste from items such as basins, baths, kitchens is termed sullage water, and the instrial and commercial waste is termed trade waste.

The division of household water drains into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and instrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby rece the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. In addition, heavy storms may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater.

The construction of combined sewers is a less common practice in the United States and Canada than in the past and is no longer accepted within building regulations in the UK and other European countries. Instead, liquid waste and stormwater are collected and conveyed in separate sewer systems, referred to as sanitary sewers and storm sewers in the U.S. and as foul sewers and surface water sewers in the UK. Overflows from foul sewers designed to relieve pressure from heavy rainfall are termed storm sewers or combined sewer overflows.

As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles, (sediment), heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).

The site where the process is concted is called a sewage treatment plant. The flow scheme of a sewage treatment plant is generally the same for all countries:

Mechanical treatment;
Influx (Influent)
Removal of large objects
Removal of sand and grit
Pre-precipitation
Biological treatment;
Oxidation bed (oxidizing bed) or aeration system
Post precipitation
Effluent
Chemical treatment (this step is usually combined with settling and other processes to remove solids, such as filtration. The combination is referred to in the US as physical-chemical treatment.).

❻ 關於環境污水處理Cyclic Activated Sludge System(CASS)的英語文獻

給你些很不錯的英語文獻和網站吧

http://web.deu.e.tr/atiksu/ana58/cass.html

CASS™ (Cyclic Activated Sludge System)...

Brief History of Sequencing Batch Reactors...

Activated sludge is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process in the developed world, treating both sewage and a variety of instrial wastewaters. Batch operation of the activated sludge process is nothing new. During the early development of the activated sludge process in the United Kingdom by Adern and Lockett around 1914, plants were operated using fill-and-draw or interrupted batch feed methods. These researchers firmly established the concept of operating a single reactor basin using repetitive cycles of aeration, settlement and discharge of treated effluent. Around 1956, ring the development of oxidation ditch technology, Pasveer incorporated interrupted and continuously fed batch treatment principles. Further advancements to the oxidation ditch fed-batch treatment then too place by incorporating a rectangular basin configuration. By the late 1970's, the generic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was well established and many small plants were in operation. A major development took place in 1978 with the incorporation of a pre-react zone within the SBR to control filamentous sludge bulking. Further refinements of SBR processes took place mainly in Australia and the United States and has led to the wide scale application of the technology worldwide. The shortfalls of the original design have led to the development of the present state-of-the-art CASS™ Sequencing Batch Reactor. While SBRs have generally been classified by the water instry for small or medium scale applications, CASS™ has found application in large scale municipalities ( 50 MGD or 400,000 + population equivalent ) and the molar expansion, retrofit or upgrading of existing wastewater treatment facilities.

CASS™ Process Components...

CASS™ is a combination of a biological selector and variable volume process reactor. The process operates with a single sludge in a single reactor basin to accomplish both biological treatment and solids-liquid separation. CASS™ is by design and operation with municipal wastewaters, a biological nutrient removal process, configured to function with filamentous sludge bulking control. A simple repeated sequence of aeration and non-aeration is used to provide aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic process conditions, which in combination with the aeration intensity, favor nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal.

The essential features of the CASS™ technology are the plug-flow initial reaction conditions and the complete-mix reactor basin. Each CASS™ reactor basin is divided by baffle walls into three sections (Zone 1: Selector, Zone 2: Secondary Aeration, Zone 3: Main Aeration). For typical domestic wastewater treatment applications, these sections are in the approximate proportions of 5%, 10%, and 85%. Sludge biomass is continuously recycled from Zone 3 to the Zone 1 selector to remove the readily degradable soluble substrate and favor the growth of floc-forming microorganisms. System design is such that the sludge return rate causes an approximate daily cycling of biomass in the main aeration zone through the selector zone. The mechanisms of Zone 1 and the internal sludge recycle eliminate the requirement for separate fill-ratio selectivity, anoxic, and anaerobic mixing periods. The selector is self-regulating for any load condition and operates under anoxic and anaerobic reaction conditions ring non-aerated periods. Polishing denitrification and enzymatic transfer of available substrate ring enhanced biological phosphorus removal is also achieved in the selector zone. The complete-mix nature of the main reactor provides flow and load balancing and a tolerance to shock or toxic loadings, and the process prevents solids washout ring peak or wet weather hydraulic surges.

Process Cyclic Operation...

CASS™ utilizes a simple repeated time-based sequence which incorporates :

FILL-AERATION (for biological reactions)
FILL-SETTLE (for solids-liquid separation)
DECANT (to remove treated effluent)

Completion of these three operations constitute a cycle which is then repeated. The sequence above can also include a FILL, FILL-MIX, FILL-REACT, and REACT if required.

During the period of a cycle, the liquid level inside the reactor basin rises from a set bottom water level in response to a varying wastewater flow rate. Aeration ceases at a predetermined period of the cycle to allow the biomass to flocculate and settle under quiescent conditions. After a specific settling period, the treated effluent supernatant is removed (decanted), using a moving weir decanter. This operation returns the liquid level in the reactor basin to the bottom water level. Surplus solids are wasted as required to maintain the biomass MLSS at the required level. Solids wasting after settling enables waste sludge concentrations in excess of 10,000 mg/L to be removed.

Fill - Aeration...

The FILL-AERATION (react) operation refers to the air-on time of the process cycle. During this period, influent is received into the basin through the selector zone where it contacts with the biomass recycled from the main aeration zone. Complete-mix reaction conditions occur in Zone 3 ring this variable volume operational period.

Fill - Settle...

This refers to the first part of the air-off time period when quiescent settling conditions are created in Zone 3 for solids-liquid separation. The activated sludge solids form a sludge-level interface which progressively falls toward the floor of the basin. The flocs adhere together and the mass settles as a blanket leaving a clear supernatant. At the end of the aeration period, the sludge is at a uniform concentration. During the initial settling period, the sludge undergoes internal flocculation e to the resial mixing energy within the basin. As this energy dissipates the sludge interface forms and settles as a blanket. Dense solids fall through the formed mass to settle on the basin floor. There is an initial slow settling velocity which increases and then graally falls off e to the compressive accumulation of solids on the basin floor. Zone settling velocity is a function of the initial solids concentration, basin depth, total area of the basin and nature of the biological solids. A top water level solids concentration of around 3,500 mg/L will typically settle to form a layer of sludge having a mean concentration of around 10,000 mg/L. CASS™ facilities are sized and configured to operate with inflow into the basin ring the settle phase of the cycle. Biomass is returned from the main aeration zone to the selector zone to promote selectivity and create anoxic/anaerobic conditions.

Decant ( Effluent Removal )...

Inflow to the basin undergoing decanting (effluent withdrawal) is interrupted and directed to an alternate basin in a multi-basin facility or stored in a pump well in a single basin facility. The weir trough of the decanter is situated above top water level for both aeration and settling phases to prevent the accidental discharge of mixed liquor suspended solids. When operated ring the decant phase of the cycle, the decanter travels down at an initial fast speed. Interaction with the liquid level is detected by a level indicator float switch which causes the skimmer to proceed at its design rate of travel procing a constant rate of discharge of treated effluent from the basin. On reaching designated bottom water level, the decanter is reversed to its rest position at the initial fast speed.

Idle...

In practice, decanting will always be less than the allocated time available. This resial time is designated as IDLE and can be used as a period of inflow without aeration or reaction. The IDLE sequence begins 4 minutes after the skimmer has traveled in the reverse up direction and finishes at the end of the designated decant period. Biomass is recycled from Zone 3 to the selector zone to promote selectivity and create anoxic/anaerobic conditions.

Respiration Rate Control (RRC™)...

Dissolved oxygen is a necessary requirement for the biological oxidation reactions which take place with the CASS™ process. Resial dissolved oxygen occurs as a result of oxygen which is not used by the microorganisms in the biomass. Too much dissolved oxygen in the CASS™ process is wasteful of energy and may inhibit biological nutrient removal mechanisms. A simple control method has been developed to ensure optimum biological reaction conditions take place and valuable energy is not wasted. Advantage is taken of the fact that the CASS™ process conforms to a complete-mix reaction model. This also means that CASS™ provides a very stable reaction environment when compared to other conventional plug-flow activated sludge, extended aeration, contact stabilization, or sequencing batch reactor systems. A dissolved oxygen sensor is used to measure changes in biomass oxygen demand. For example, a rection in the oxygen load demand to a CASS™ basin will automatically cause a lowering of the aeration intensity (air supply) so that the excessive dissolved oxygen concentrations are prevented. Conversely, an increase in load demand will cause an increase in aeration intensity so that the metabolic activity of the biomass, as registered by its propensity to use oxygen, is matched with the corresponding aeration intensity rate of air feed into the reaction basin.

RRC™ directly interacts with the best sensor which is available for the control of air into the process. The system is an in-basin respirometer. Simply stated, low oxygen demand caused by low loadings ring diurnal, or other variations can now be directly matched to energy use. The biomass senses the oxygen requirements which are needed for the process. The dissolved oxygen sensor interprets that message and causes interaction with the rate of introction of air into the reaction basin.

The CASS™ RRC™ is simple and direct. RRC™ has direct benefits :

- Saves operating costs.
- Rection of waste activated sludge.
- Improved nutrient removal performance.

http://www.energymanagertraining.com/textiles/pdf/Cyclic%20Activated%20Sludge%20Technology.pdf

http://www.sbrcass.com/process.htm

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7083324.html

http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=lyM6SgHXimEC&pg=PA657&lpg=PA657&dq=cyclic+activated+sludge+system&source=web&ots=RZhwp9iKY3&sig=wpKRxcRFOj0qWKz5pJSqZApCgBU&hl=en

http://www.sawea.org/Workshops/Presentation2005/MainSession/Nov30/LUCAS%20ACTIVATED%20SLUDGE%20TECH.%20-%20WATERLEAU.pdf

http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Cnic0Co2V2QC&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=cyclic+activated+sludge+system&source=web&ots=wTkt1_5Rji&sig=lv5pGQArXqqESB7M1wr2AoE3zfI&hl=en

❼ 求英文翻譯高手 翻譯兩篇污水處理的英文文獻

樓上的素質也太低了點吧,用在線翻譯出來的也來這混積分,沒意思,我是幫不了你了,不過千萬別用在線翻譯的,會鬧很多笑話的。

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