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水过滤英文文献

发布时间:2023-03-06 14:56:31

❶ 求助!高手帮忙找一篇有关SBR污水处理法的英文文献(附带汉译)

(中文):
SBR( Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process )是一种好氧微生物污水处理技术,是连续进水、间歇排水的周期循环间歇曝气系统。该工艺集调节、初沉、曝气、二沉、生物脱氮等过程于一池,按不同的时间顺序进行各种目的不同的操作,全部过程都在一个池体内周而复始地进行,工艺流程简洁,布局紧凑合理,是一种先进的污水处理系统。该技术适用于处理市政生活污水和中低浓度有机工业废水,能有效地去除废水中BOD5和悬浮固体(SS),将废水中的氮化合物转成硝酸盐,进而转成氨气,使出水的氨氮(NH3-N)含量大大降低。与之相比较,传统的连续流水处理系统CFS( Continuous Flow System )是在空间上设置不同的设施而在同一时间内进行各种操作。该工艺将调节、初沉、曝气、二沉、生物脱氮等过程设于多个池内进行,限制了反应器的功能,扩大了使用空间和占地面积,使运行速度迟缓,空间和地面的有效利用率降低,不适应于大中城市工业废水、生活污水和其它多种复杂环境中各种废水处理的需要。
(英文):
SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process) is one kind of good oxygen microorganism sewage treatment technology, is enters the water, the intermittent draining water cycle of motion intermittence aeration system continuously.This craft collection adjustment, initially sinks, the aeration, two sinks, processes and so on biological denitrogenation in one, carries on each kind of goal different operation according to the different time order, the complete process all again and again carries on in a cell body, the technical process is succinct, layout compact reasonable, is one kind of advanced sewage treatment system.This technology is suitable for the processing municipal administration sanitary sewage and the low concentration organic instrial waste, can remove in effectively the waste water BOD5 and suspended solid (SS), transfers the waste water in nitrogen compound the nitrate, then transfers the ammonia, causes the water leakage the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content to rece greatly.Compares with it, traditional continuum water disposal system CFS (Continuous Flow System) is establishes the different facility in the space to carry on each kind of operation ring the same period of time.This craft will adjust, initially sinks, the aeration, two sinks, processes and so on biological denitrogenation supposes Yu Duoge in the pond to carry on, has limited the reactor function, expanded the use space and the area, caused the running rate to be slow, spatial and the ground effective use factor reced, did not adapt in the big or media-sized cities instrial waste, the sanitary sewage and other many kinds of complex environment each kind of waste water processing need.
(希望对你有帮助!)

❷ 急求一篇关于涂装废水处理的英文文献及相应翻译,请帮忙!!!

典型汽车涂装废水处理工艺

摘 要:本文针对汽车涂装废水中含有树脂、表面活性剂、重金属离子,Oil、颜料等污染物,特别是其中的电泳废水、喷漆废水成份复杂,浓度高,可生化性差的实际情况,采用分质处理、混凝沉淀、混凝气浮、砂滤等工艺对涂装废水进行处理,取得了良好效果:CODCr去除率大于80%。实际运行表明,该工艺在技术和经济上均是合理可行的。

Treatment technics of representative coating wastewater of automobile manufacturing

Abstract:In this article, in allusion to the contamination of coating wastewater of automobile manufacturing which contains resin, surface active agent, heavy metal ion, oil, paint, dyestuff etc, especially the ELPO wastewater and painting wastewater which is complex, and has high concentration. we use separated pre-treatment, coagulating sedimentation, air flotation and sand filtration to treat coating wastewater and obtains good results: the removal rate of CODCr could be higher than 80%. The operate of the set proved that under this condition, it would be practicable both in technology and economy.

关键词:涂装废水;分质处理;混凝沉淀;混凝气浮;砂滤;Fenton试剂

Keywords:coating wastewater;separated pre-treatment;coagulating sedimentation;air flotation;sand filtration;Fenton reagent

http://203.208.33.132/search?q=cache:1mMFbNqlHpAJ:www1.eere.energy.gov/instry/chemicals/pdfs/ppgind.pdf+Treatment+Technology+for+WasteWater+from+Automobile+Painting&cd=10&hl=zh-CN&ct=clnk&gl=cn&st_usg=

翻译
汽车及其零部件的涂装是汽车制造过程中产生废水排放最多的环节之一。涂装废水含有树脂、表面活性剂、重金属离子,Oil、PO43-、油漆、颜料、有机溶剂等污染物,CODCr值高,若不妥善处理,会对环境产生严重污染。对此类废水,传统的方法是直接对混合废水进行混凝处理,治理效果不理想,出水水质不稳定,较难达到排放标准。特别是其中的喷漆废水,含大量溶于水的有机溶剂,直接采用混凝法处理效果很差。我们在上海某汽车厂经过实地勘查、大量分析调研和小试,针对涂装废水的特点,采用分质预处理再进行后续处理的二步处理的方法,并选择芬顿氧化—混凝沉淀,气浮物化工艺进行处理,达到了排放标准,CODCr去除率达到80%以上。

1废水的来源和主要污染物
1.1 涂装废水的来源及有害物质

涂装废水主要来自于预脱脂、脱脂、表调、磷化、钝化等车身前处理工序;阴极电泳工序和中涂、喷面漆工序。

废水中含有的主要有毒、有害物质如下:

涂装前处理:亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、乳化油、表面活性剂、Ni2+、Zn2+。

底涂:低溶剂阴极电泳漆膜、无铅阴极电泳漆膜、颜料、粉剂、环氧树脂、丁醇、乙二醇单丁醚、异丙醇、二甲基乙醇胺、聚丁二烯树脂、二甲基乙醇、油漆等。

中涂、面涂:二甲苯、香蕉水等有机溶剂、漆膜、颜料、粉剂。

1.2 废水水质、水量

本工程设计处理水量60m3/h。

油漆车间排放的废水分为间歇排放的废槽液和连续排放的清洗水。

间歇排放废水主要来源于前处理槽的倒槽废液、喷漆工段排放的废液等,废水浓度高,一次排放量大,水质如表1所示。

表1 间歇排放废水的水质













CODCr
mg/L
Oil
mg/L
PO43-
mg/L
Zn2+
mg/L
Ni2+
mg/L
Cd2+
mg/L
碳黑
mg/L
pH 其它
预脱脂槽、脱脂槽废槽液、后喷淋、浸渍槽废槽液 2500~
4000
300~
950
250~400 9.5~11
表调槽废槽液 15~30 8.5~10.5
磷化槽废槽液、后喷淋、浸渍槽废槽液 400~600 100~150 20~30 6
钝化槽废槽液、后喷淋、浸渍槽废槽液 50~100 1~3 4~5
电泳废槽液 3000~
20000
81 7~9
中涂、面漆喷漆室水槽废液 3000 5~6 漆渣

连续排放废水主要来自于前处理工序的后喷淋、浸渍槽的溢流废水等,相对间歇排放废水,其浓度低、总排放水量大,其水质如表2所示。

表2 连续排放废水的水质













CODCr
mg/L
Oil
mg/L
PO43-
mg/L
Zn2+
mg/L
Ni2+
mg/L
Cd2+
mg/L
碳黑
mg/L
pH
脱脂后冲洗废水 300 25 10~20 7~8
磷化后冲洗废水 20~30 12 8 6
钝化后冲洗废水 10~15 0.1 5~6
DI水喷淋槽喷淋废水 3900 1~3 4
循环去离子清洗废水 400 6
自泳后水洗溢流废水 100~1000 8 7~9

2.涂装废水处理工艺设计
汽车涂装废水处理工艺的关键之一在于合理的清浊分质。对部分难处理或影响后续处理的废水,根据其性质和排放规律,先进行间歇的预处理,再和其它废水集中连续处理,这样不仅可以取得较好的和稳定的处理效果,而且在经济上也合理可行。

2.1 涂装废水处理工艺流程

涂装废水处理工艺流程如图1所示。

图1某汽车厂涂装废水处理站处理流程

2.2 间歇预处理

2.2.1 脱脂废液
对脱脂废液采用酸化法进行破乳预处理,向脱脂废液中投加无机酸将pH调至2~3,使乳化剂中的高级脂肪酸皂析出脂肪酸,这些高级脂肪酸不溶于水而溶于油,从而使脱脂废液破乳析油。

另外,加酸后使脱脂废液中的阴离子表面活性剂在酸性溶液中易分解而失去稳定性,失去了原有的亲油和亲水的平衡,从而达到破乳。经预处理后CODCr从2500~4000mg/L降低到1500~2400mg/L,去除率在40%左右;而含油量从300~950 mg/L降至50~70 mg/L,去除率高达90%~95%。

2.2.2 电泳废液
在阴极电泳废水中含有大量高分子有机物,CODCr最高可达20000mg/L,还含大量电泳渣,这些物质在水中呈细小悬浮物或呈负电性的胶体状。处理中加入适当的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)作混凝剂,利用絮凝剂的吸附架桥作用来快速去除废水中的污染物。电泳废液在预处理时要求pH值在11~12之间,有较好的沉淀效果。反应后的出水CODCr在2000 mg/L左右。

2.2.3 喷漆废水
对喷漆废水先采用Fenton试剂(H2O2+FeSO4)对其进行预处理,使其中的有机物氧化分解,CODCr去除效率约在30%左右,再加入PAC和PAM对其进行混凝沉淀,经过此两步处理,CODCr的总去除率可达到60%~80%,由3000~20000mg/L降至1200~4000mg/L。出水排入混合废水调节池。

Fenton试剂具有很强的氧化能力,当pH值较低时(控制在3左右),H2O2被Fe2+催化分解生成羟基自由基(·OH),并引发更多的其他自由基,从而引发一系列的链反应[1]。通过具有极强的氧化能力的·OH与有机物的反应,使废水中的难降解有机物发生部分氧化、使废水中的有机物C—C键断裂,最终分解成H2O、CO2等,使CODCr降低。或者发生偶合或氧化,改变其电子云密度和结构,形成分子量不太大的中间产物,从而改变它们的溶解性和混凝沉淀性。同时,Fe2+被氧化生成Fe(OH)3在一定酸度下以胶体形态存在,具有凝聚、吸附性能,还可除去水中部分悬浮物和杂质。出水通过后续的混凝沉淀进一步去除污染物,以达到净化的目的[2]。

2.3 连续处理

经预处理的各类废水排入均和调节池中,与其它废水混合后进入连续处理流程。混合后的废水CODCr约为700~900mg/L。连续处理分为二级:混凝沉淀和混凝气浮。

在涂装废水中,油、高分子树脂(环氧树脂)、颜料(碳黑)、粉剂、磷酸盐等在表面活性剂、溶剂及各种助剂的作用下,以胶体的形式稳定地分散在水溶液中。可以靠投加化学药剂来破坏胶体的细微悬浮颗粒在水中形成的稳定体系,使其聚集成有明显沉淀性能的絮凝体,然后形成沉淀或浮渣加以除去[3]。

在废水中加入一定量的无机絮凝剂后,它们可中和乳化油或高分子树脂的电位,压缩双电层,胶粒碰撞促进凝集,完成脱稳过程,形成细小密实的絮凝物。这样可使涂装废水中的金属离子和磷酸根离子在碱性条件下生成的固体小颗粒形成沉淀物[4]。所以混凝处理可有效地去除汽车涂装废水中的油、高分子树脂、颜料和粉剂[5]。

重金属离子和磷酸盐中,由于Ni2+生成Ni(OH)2沉淀以及PO43-生成Ca3 (PO4) 2沉淀的最佳pH值是10以上;而Zn2+生成氢氧化物沉淀的最佳pH值范围是8.5~9.5,pH过高会形成ZnO22-而溶解。所以要分二级混凝反应以分别去除Ni2+,PO43-和Zn2+ 。同时,混凝反应后的固液分离分别采用的是斜板沉淀池和气浮池,这样既可以用斜板沉淀池来去除比重较大的重金属化合物沉淀,又可以用气浮池来去除比重较轻的有机物等。

2.3.1 混凝沉淀
第一级为混凝沉淀调节pH值为10~10.5。

反应槽采用推流式反应槽,分为三格。第一格加碱将pH调高至10~10.5,加入CaCl2,第二格加FeSO4,第三格加混凝剂PAM,反应后进入斜板沉淀池进行固液分离。三格停留时间分别为15min、15min、7.5min。斜板沉淀池表面负荷按2m3/m2·h设计。一级反应CODCr去除率为50%~60%。图2为一级反应槽示意图。

图2 一级反应槽示意图

2.3.2 混凝气浮
二级反应的反应槽,也采用推流式反应槽,分为三格。第一格加酸将pH回调至8.5~9,第二格加PAC,第三格加PAM,反应后进入气浮池进行固液分离。二级反应槽三格停留时间分别为10min、10min、5min。气浮池的溶气水按处理水量的30%设计。二级反应CODCr去除率为20%~25%,同时气浮也去除了Zn2+和一部分的表面活性剂。

2.4 深度处理

深度处理采用砂滤和活性炭过滤。从运行情况看,经砂滤后的出水即能达到排放标准(CODCr≤300mg/L)。砂滤装置的过滤速度控制在10~12m3/(m2·h)。反冲洗水由监测水箱中的水加压后提供,反冲洗强度控制在16~18L/(m2·s)。

砂滤后的出水已能达到排放要求,因此,活性炭过滤只是一个应急保证措施,一般情况下较少使用。

2.5 污泥处理

污泥处理的好坏,直接影响废水处理站的运行。由于污泥含油量高,直接进行压滤效果较差,在污泥浓缩槽中加入Ca(OH)2,pH调整至10左右,能达到较好的压滤效果。污泥含水率经板框压滤机后可由99%下降至75%~80%。

2.6 连续处理去除率分析

连续处理过程去除率如表3所示。

表3 连续处理效率

出水位置 CODCr去除率
斜板沉淀池出口 50%~60%
气浮池出口 20%~25%
砂滤出口 15%

3处理效果分析
该工程自2002年运行至今,处理效果稳定,表4为上海市环境监测中心2004年对该厂的监测分析报告数据汇总。监测时间为3天,每天取样12次(1小时取样一次,包括废水处理装置进口和出口)。

表4 废水处理设施总排口监测数据

监测
项目
废水处理装置进口* 废水处理装置出口 上海市《污水综合排放标准》(DB31/199–1997)
浓度最小值(mg/L) 浓度最大值(mg/L) 浓度平均值(mg/L) 浓度最小值(mg/L) 浓度最大值(mg/L) 浓度平均值(mg/L)
pH 6.94 8.96 8.32 7.57 8.85 7.8 6~9
CODCr 434 759 625 73 132 115.6 300 三级标准
SS 93 351 204 21 145 29 350 三级标准
BOD5 36 145 87 4 83 16.9 150 三级标准
Oil 2.6 11.5 5.1 0.1 0.9 0.6 10 二级标准
Zn2+** - - - 0.02 1.6 0.09 4.0 二级标准
Mn2+** - - - 0.05 0.26 0.16 5.0 二级标准
Ni2+** - - - ND 0.18 0.09 1.0 第一类污染物排放标准
苯 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 二级标准
甲苯 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 二级标准
二甲苯 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.6 二级标准

*废水处理装置进口指连续处理装置进口。

** Zn2+、Mn2+、Ni2+本次监测未分析,表中所列为该厂废水处理站日常分析数据。

由上表可以看出,经处理后的废水以上海市《污水综合排放标准》(DB31/199—1997)进行评价,其中CODCr、BOD5、SS按三级标准评价(废水处理后排入安亭水质净化厂),其余采用二级标准及第一类污染物最高允许排放浓度,均能达到工程设计指标。

目前,处理装置运行稳定,出水均能达标。

4.技术经济分析
工程造价和运行费用是人们在选用处理方法时所必须考虑和关心的问题。本工程采用分质处理后,与一般的集中物化处理比较,节省了加药量,污泥产量也有所减少,在一定程度上减少了运行费用,更重要的是保证了出水水质的稳定达标。本项目的技术经济指标见表5。

表5 本处理工程技术经济指标

总投资/万元 单位体积污水投资/万元 年运行费用/万元 单位体积污水处理费/元/m3
800 1.11 30 1.67

*年工作日按250天计,日处理水量为720 m3。

5.结论
1、本工程采用分质处理、混凝沉淀、混凝气浮、砂滤等工艺对汽车涂装废水进行处理在技术和经济上是合理可行的。实际运行结果证明,此工艺对重金属、SS、Oil的去除效率超过90%,对CODCr的去除率大于80%。

2、汽车涂装废水水量和水质变化大,要特别的重视废水水量、水质均衡和分质预处理。根据工程实践证明,对脱脂废液,电泳废水、废液和喷漆废水这三股废水分别进行间歇预处理,这不仅有利于后续处理效率的提高,体现出技术和经济的统一,而且对整个系统的稳定运行和出水的稳定达标至关重要。

参考文献:

熊忠,林衍等 Fenton氧化法在废水处理中的应用[J] 新疆环境保护,2002,24(2):35~39
张林生,魏峰等 物理化学法处理汽车工业电泳涂装工艺中的超滤液废水[J] 给水排水,1999,25(10):33~36
刘绍根,汽车涂装废水处理技术[J] 工业用水与废水,2001,32(2):11~13
刘绍根,黄显怀 物化—生化法处理汽车生产废水[J] 给水排水,2001,27(12):53~56
廖亮,吴一飞等 磷化-喷漆线的废水处理工艺研究[J] 环境技术,2000,18,(4):18~21

❸ 求助一篇生活污水处理英文文献

非洲喀麦隆,不过包括处理池塘减少蚊虫

Mosquito development in a macrophyte-based wastewater
treatment plant in Cameroon (Central Africa)
Ives Magloire Kengne a,∗, François Brissaud b, Amougou Akoa a,
Roger Atangana Etemea, Jean Nyaa, Alomba Ndikefor a, Theophile Fonkou c
a Wastewater Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University Yaounde I, P.O. Box 8404, Yaounde, Cameroon
b Hydrosciences, University Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
c Faculty of Science, University Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
Received 10 December 2002; received in revised form 30 July 2003; accepted 15 August 2003

http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/leeds/mosquito.pdf

http://www.ianrpubs.unl.e/epublic/live/g1479/build/g1479.pdf

Water and Wastewater Element
Introction
This element addresses the City of Hagerstown’s water and wastewater systems. It
establishes policies to guide the provision of future wastewater and water service to the
City and its Medium-Range Growth Area. While this element is not intended to meet the
requirements of the Water Resources Element (pursuant to House Bill 1141), it
nonetheless sets forth policies that emphasize the maximization of available treatment
capacity, and the coordination of water and wastewater service allocation with the City’s
growth goals. This element of the 2008 Comprehensive Plan will supplement the
Washington County Water and Sewer Plan, which was in progress in 2008. Figure 4-1
delineates current water and wastewater service areas.
Wastewater Service

http://www.hagerstownmd.org/Assets/Plan_Dev/04-Water-Sewer.pdf

这个建议你看一下,Power Point讲美国加州
http://www.doh.state.fl.us/chdJackson/Documents/Jackson_Blue_springs4forweb.pdf

这个可以看看
http://www.ianrpubs.unl.e/epublic/live/g1473/build/g1473.pdf

❹ 急求关于水处理的英文原文和翻译,谢谢了

给排水常用名词中英文对照
1、给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
2、排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
3、给水系统 water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
4、排水系统 sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
5、给水水源 water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面,暴露于大气的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水,并含大量中性盐,PH值大于7。
10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
12、废水 wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
14、用水量 water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。
15、污水量 wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
16、用水定额 water flow norm 对不同的排水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
17、排水定额 wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
18、水质 water quality 在给水排水工程中,水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。
19、渠道 channel ,conit 天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。
20、泵站 pumping house 设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。
21、泵站 pumping station 泵房及其配套设施的总称。
22、给水处理 water treatment 对不符合用不对象水质要求的水。进行水质改善的过程。
23、污水处理 sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求,对其进行净化的过程。
24、废水处理 wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排。一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。
25、格栅 bar screen 一种栅条形的隔污设备,用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。
26、曝气 aeration 水与气体接触,进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程。
27、沉淀 sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程。
28、澄清 clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程。
29、过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程。
30、离子交换法 ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。
31、氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程。
32、余氯 resial chlorine 水中投氯,经一定时间接触后,在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和。
33、游离性余氯 free resial chlorine 水中以次氯酸和次氯酸盐形态存在的余氯。
34、结合性余氯 combinative resial chlorine 水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形态存在的余氯。
35、污泥 sludge 在水处理过程中产生的,以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物。
36、污泥处理 sludge treatment 对污泥的最终安排。一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等。
37、水头损失 head loss 水流通过管渠、设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗。

给水工程中系统和水量方面的术语
1、直流水系统 once through system 水经过一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
2、复用水系统 water reuse system 水经重复利用后再行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
3、循环水系统 recirculation system 水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统。
4、生活用水 domestic water 人类日常生活所需用的水。
5、生产用水 process water 生产过程所需用的水。
6、消防用水 fire demand 扑灭火灾所需用的水。
7、浇洒道路用水 street flushing demand ,road watering 对城镇道路进行保养、清洗、降温和消尘等所需用水。
8、绿化用水 green belt sprinkling ,green plot sprinkling 对市政绿地等所需用的水。

给水工程取水构筑物的术语
1、管井 deep well ,drilled well 井管从地面打到含水层,抽取地下水的井。
2、管井滤水管 deep well screen 设置在管井动水位以下,用以从含水层中集水的有缝隙或孔隙的管段。
3、管井沉淀管 grit compartment 位于管井最下部,用以容纳进入井内的沙粒和从水中析出的沉淀物的管段。
4、大口井 g well ,open well 由人工开挖或沉井法施工,设置井筒,以截取浅层地下水的构筑物。
5、井群 batter of wells 数个井组成的群体。
6、渗渠 infiltration gallery 壁上开孔,以集取浅层地下水的水平管渠。
7、地下水取水构筑物反滤层 inverted layer 在大口井或渗渠进水处铺设的粒径沿水流方向由细到粗的级配砾层(简称反滤层)
8、泉室 spring chamber 集取泉水的构筑物。
9、进水间 intake chamber 连接取水管与吸水井、内设格栅或格网的构筑物。
10、格网 screen 一种网状的用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物、水生动物或其他污染物的拦污设备。其网眼尺寸较格栅为小。
11、吸水井 suction well 为水泵吸水管专门设置的构筑物。

给水工程中净水构筑物的术语
1、净水构筑物 purification structure 以去除水中悬浮固体和胶体杂质等为主要目的的构筑物的总称。
2、投药 chemical dosing 为进行水处理而向水中加一定剂量的化学药剂的过程。
3、混合 mixing 使投入的药剂迅速均匀地扩散于被处理水中以创造良好的凝聚反应条件的过程。
4、凝聚 coagulation 为了消除胶体颗粒间的排斥力或破坏其亲水性,使颗粒易于相互接触而吸附的过程。
5、絮凝 flocculation A、完成凝聚的胶体在一定的外力扰动下相互碰撞、聚集以形成较大絮状颗粒的过程。曾用名反应。 B、高分子絮凝剂在悬浮固体和胶体杂质之间吸附架桥的过程。
6、自然沉淀 plain sedimentation 不加注任何凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
7、凝聚沉淀 coagulation sedimentation 加注凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
8、凝聚剂 coagulant 在凝聚过程中所投加的药剂的统称。
9、助凝剂 coagulant aid 在水的沉淀、澄清过程中,为改善絮凝效果,另设加的辅助药剂。
10、药剂固定储备量 standby reserve 为考虑非正常原因导致药剂供应中断,而在药剂仓库内设置的在一般情况下不准动用的储备量。简称固定储备量。
11、药剂周转储备量 current reserve 考虑药剂消耗与供应时间之间差异所需的储备量。简称周转储备量。
12、沉沙池(沉砂池)desilting basin ,grit chamber 去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的较大粒径沙粒或杂粒的水池。
13、预沉池 pre-sedimentation tank 原水中泥沙颗粒较大或浓度较高时,在进行凝聚沉淀处理前设置的沉淀池。
14、平流沉淀池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流动的沉淀池。
15、异向流斜管 (或斜板)沉淀池 tube(plate)settler 池内设置斜管(或斜板),水自下而上经斜管(或斜板)进行沉淀,沉泥沿斜管(或斜板)向下滑动的沉淀的池。
16、同向流斜板沉淀池lamella 池内设置斜板,沉淀过程在斜板内进行,水流与沉泥均沿斜板向下流动的沉淀池。
17、机械搅拌澄清池 accelerator 利用机械使水提升和搅拌,促使泥渣循环,并使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣接触絮凝而分离沉淀的水池。
18、水力循环澄清池 circulator clarifier 利用水力使水提升,促使泥渣循环,并使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣接触絮凝而分离沉淀的水池。
19、脉冲澄清池 pulsator 悬浮层不断产生固周期性的压缩和膨胀,促使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣进行接触凝聚页分离沉淀的水池。
20、悬浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier 加药后的原水由上通过处于悬浮状态的泥渣层,使水中杂质与泥渣悬浮层的颗粒碰撞凝聚而分离沉淀的水池。
21、液面负荷 surface load 在沉淀池、澄清池等沉淀构筑物的净化部分中,单位液(水)面积所负担的出水流量。其计量单位通常以m3/(m2.h)表示。
22、气浮池 floatation tank 运用絮凝和浮选原理使液体中的杂质分离上浮而去除的池子。
23、气浮溶气罐 dissolved air vessel 在气浮工艺中,水与空气在有压条件下相互溶合的密闭容器。简称溶气罐。
24、清水池 clear-water reservoir 为贮存水厂中净化后的清水,以调节水厂制水量与供水量之间的差额,并为满足加氯接触时间而设置的水池。

给水工程中输配水管网的术语
1、配水管网 distribution system ,pipe system 将水送到分配管网以至用户的管系。
2、环状管网pipe network 配水管网的一种置形式,管道纵横相互接通,形成环状。
3、枝状管网 branch system 配水管网的一种布置形式,干管和支管分明,形成树枝状。
4、水管支墩 buttress ,anchorage 为防止由管内水压引起的水管配件接头移位而造成漏水,需在水管干线适当部位砌筑的墩座。简称支墩。

排水工程中排水制度和管渠附属构筑物的术语及其涵义
1、排水制度 sewer system 在一个地区内收集和输送废水的方式。它有合流制和分流制两种基本方式。
2、合流制 combined system 用同一种管渠分别收集和输送废水的排水的方式。
3、分流制 separate system 用不同管渠分别收集和输送各种污水、雨水和生产废水的排水的方式。
4、检查井 manhole 排水管渠上连接其他管渠以及供养护工人检查、清通和出入管渠的构筑物。
5、跌水井 drop manhole 上下游管底跌差较大的检查井。
6、事故排出口 emergency outlet 在排水系统发生故障时,把废水临时排放到天然水体或其它地点去的设施。
7、曝雨溢流井 (截留井)storm overflow well ,intercepting well 合流制排水系统中,用来截留、控制合流水量的构筑物

排水工程中水和水处理的术语及其涵义
1、生活污水 domestic sewage ,domestic wastewater 居民中日常生活中排出的废水。
2、工业废水 instrial wastewater 生产过程中排出的水。它包括生产废水和生产污水。
3、生产污水polluted instrial wastewater 被污染的工业废水。还包括水温过高,排入后造成热污染的工业废水。
4、生产废水 non-polluted instrial wastewater 未受污染或受轻微污染以及水温稍有升高的工业废水。
5、城市污水 municipal sewage ,municipal wastewater 排入城镇污水系统的污水的统称。在合流制排水系统中,还包括生产废水和截留的雨水。
6、旱流污水 dry weather flow 合流制排水系统在晴天时输送的污水。
7、水体自净 self-purification of water bodies 河流等水体在自然条件的生化作用下,有机物降解,溶解氧回升和水体生物群逐渐恢复正常的过程。
8、一级处理 primary treatment 去除污水中的漂浮物和悬浮物的净化过程,主要为沉淀。
9、二级处理 secondary treatment 污水经一级处理后,用生物处理方法继续除去污水不胶体和溶解性有机物的净化过程。
10、生物处理 biological treatment 利用微生物的作用,使污水中不稳定有机物降解和稳定的过程。
11、活性污泥法 activated sludge process 污水生物处理的一种方法。该法是在人工充氧条件下,对污水和各微生物群体进行连续混和培养,形成活性污泥。利用活性污泥的生物凝聚、吸附和氧化作用,以分解去除污水中的有机污染物。然后使污泥与水分离,大部分污泥再回流到曝气池,多余部分则排出活性污泥系统。
12、生物膜法 biomembrance process 污水生物处理的一种方法。该法采用各种不同载体,通过污水与载体的不断接触,在载体上繁殖生物膜,利用膜的生物吸附和氧化作用,以降解去除污水中的有机污染物,脱落下来的生物膜与水进行分离。
13、双层沉淀池(隐化池) Imhoff tank 由上层沉淀槽和下层污泥消化室组成。
14、初次沉淀池 primary sedimentation tank 污水处理中第一次沉淀的构筑物,主要用以降低污水中的悬浮固体浓度。
15、二次沉淀池 secondary sedimentation tank 污水生物处理出水的沉淀构筑物,用以分离其中的污泥。
16、生物滤池 biological filter ,trickling filter 由碎石或塑料制品填料构成的生物处理构筑物。污水与填料表面上生长的微生物膜间歇接触,使污水得到净化。
17、生物接触氧化 bio-contact oxidation 由浸没在污水中的填料和人工曝气系统构成的生物处理工艺。在有氧的条件下,污水与填表面的生物膜反复接触,使污水获得净化。
18、曝气池 aeration tank 利用活性污泥法进行污水生物处理的构筑物。池内提供一定污水停留时间,满足好氧微生物所需的氧量以及污水与活性污泥充分接触的混合条件。

排水工程中污泥和污泥处理的术语及其涵义
1、原污泥 raw sludge 未经污泥处理的初沉污泥、二沉剩余污或两者的混合污泥。
2、初沉污泥 primary sludge 从初次沉淀池排出的沉淀物。
3、二沉污泥 secondary sludge 从二次沉淀池排出的沉淀物。
4、活性污泥 activated sludge 曝气池中繁殖的含有各种好氧微生物群体的絮状体。
5、消化污泥 digested sludge 经过好氧消化或厌氧消化的污泥,所含有机物质浓度有一定程度的降低,并趋于稳定。
6、回流污泥 returned sludge 由于次沉淀池(或沉淀区)分离出来,回流到曝气池的活性污泥。
7、剩余污泥 excess activated sludge 活性污泥系统中从二次沉淀池(或沉淀区)排出系统外的活性污泥。
8、污泥气 sludge gas 在污泥厌氧消化时,有机物分解所产生的气体。主要成分为甲烷和二氧化碳,并有少量的氢、氮和硫化氢。俗称沼气。
9、污泥消化 sludge digestion 在有氧或无氧条件下,利用微生物的作用,使污泥中有机物转化为较稳定物质的过程。
10、好氧消化 aerobic digestion 污泥经过较长时间的曝气,其中一部分有机物由好氧微生物进一步降解和稳定的过程。
11、厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 在无氧条件下,污泥中的有机物由厌氧微生物进行降解和稳定的过程。
12、中温消化 mesophilic digestion 污泥在温度为33℃-35℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺。
13、高温消化 thermophilic digestion 污泥在温度为53℃-55℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺。
14、污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 采用重力或气浮法降低污泥含水量,使污泥稠化的过程。
15、污泥淘洗 elutriation of sludge 改善污泥脱水能的一种污泥预处理方法。用清水或废水淘洗污泥,降低水化污泥碱度,节省污泥处理投药量,提高污滤脱水效率。
16、污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 对浓缩污泥进一步去除一部分含水量的过程,一般指机械脱水。
17、污泥真空过滤 sludge vacuum filtration 利用真空使过滤介质一侧减压,介质的污泥脱水方法。
18、污泥压滤 sludge pressure filtration 采用正压过滤,使污泥水强制滤过介质的污泥脱水方法。
19、污泥干化 sludge drying 通过渗滤或蒸发等作用,从污泥中去除大部分含水量的过程,一般指采用污泥干化场(床)等自然蒸发设施。
20、污泥焚烧 sludge incineration 污泥处理的一种工艺。它利用焚烧炉将脱水污泥加温干燥,再用高温氧化污泥中的有机物,使污泥成为少量灰烬。

排水工程中物理量的术语及其涵义
1、生化需氧量 biochmical oxygen demand 水样在一定条件下,于一定期间内(一般采用5日、20℃)进行需氧化所消耗的溶解氧量。英文简称BOD。
2、化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 水样中可氧化物从氧化剂重铬酸钾中所吸收的氧量。英文简称COD。
3、耗氧量 oxygen consumption 水样中氧化物从氧化剂高锰酸钾所吸收的氧量。英文简称OC或CODMn 。
4、悬浮固体 suspended solid 水中呈悬浮状态的固体,一般指用滤纸过滤水样,将滤后截留物在105℃温度中干燥恒重后的固体重量。英文简称SS

❺ 求废水处理英文文献一篇

Raw Influent (Sewage) is the liquid waste from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks etc. Household waste that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas sewage also includes some liquid waste from instry and commerce. In the UK, the waste from toilets is termed foul waste, the waste from items such as basins, baths, kitchens is termed sullage water, and the instrial and commercial waste is termed trade waste.

The division of household water drains into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and instrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby rece the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. In addition, heavy storms may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater.

The construction of combined sewers is a less common practice in the United States and Canada than in the past and is no longer accepted within building regulations in the UK and other European countries. Instead, liquid waste and stormwater are collected and conveyed in separate sewer systems, referred to as sanitary sewers and storm sewers in the U.S. and as foul sewers and surface water sewers in the UK. Overflows from foul sewers designed to relieve pressure from heavy rainfall are termed storm sewers or combined sewer overflows.

As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles, (sediment), heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).

The site where the process is concted is called a sewage treatment plant. The flow scheme of a sewage treatment plant is generally the same for all countries:

Mechanical treatment;
Influx (Influent)
Removal of large objects
Removal of sand and grit
Pre-precipitation
Biological treatment;
Oxidation bed (oxidizing bed) or aeration system
Post precipitation
Effluent
Chemical treatment (this step is usually combined with settling and other processes to remove solids, such as filtration. The combination is referred to in the US as physical-chemical treatment.).

❻ 关于环境污水处理Cyclic Activated Sludge System(CASS)的英语文献

给你些很不错的英语文献和网站吧

http://web.deu.e.tr/atiksu/ana58/cass.html

CASS™ (Cyclic Activated Sludge System)...

Brief History of Sequencing Batch Reactors...

Activated sludge is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process in the developed world, treating both sewage and a variety of instrial wastewaters. Batch operation of the activated sludge process is nothing new. During the early development of the activated sludge process in the United Kingdom by Adern and Lockett around 1914, plants were operated using fill-and-draw or interrupted batch feed methods. These researchers firmly established the concept of operating a single reactor basin using repetitive cycles of aeration, settlement and discharge of treated effluent. Around 1956, ring the development of oxidation ditch technology, Pasveer incorporated interrupted and continuously fed batch treatment principles. Further advancements to the oxidation ditch fed-batch treatment then too place by incorporating a rectangular basin configuration. By the late 1970's, the generic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was well established and many small plants were in operation. A major development took place in 1978 with the incorporation of a pre-react zone within the SBR to control filamentous sludge bulking. Further refinements of SBR processes took place mainly in Australia and the United States and has led to the wide scale application of the technology worldwide. The shortfalls of the original design have led to the development of the present state-of-the-art CASS™ Sequencing Batch Reactor. While SBRs have generally been classified by the water instry for small or medium scale applications, CASS™ has found application in large scale municipalities ( 50 MGD or 400,000 + population equivalent ) and the molar expansion, retrofit or upgrading of existing wastewater treatment facilities.

CASS™ Process Components...

CASS™ is a combination of a biological selector and variable volume process reactor. The process operates with a single sludge in a single reactor basin to accomplish both biological treatment and solids-liquid separation. CASS™ is by design and operation with municipal wastewaters, a biological nutrient removal process, configured to function with filamentous sludge bulking control. A simple repeated sequence of aeration and non-aeration is used to provide aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic process conditions, which in combination with the aeration intensity, favor nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal.

The essential features of the CASS™ technology are the plug-flow initial reaction conditions and the complete-mix reactor basin. Each CASS™ reactor basin is divided by baffle walls into three sections (Zone 1: Selector, Zone 2: Secondary Aeration, Zone 3: Main Aeration). For typical domestic wastewater treatment applications, these sections are in the approximate proportions of 5%, 10%, and 85%. Sludge biomass is continuously recycled from Zone 3 to the Zone 1 selector to remove the readily degradable soluble substrate and favor the growth of floc-forming microorganisms. System design is such that the sludge return rate causes an approximate daily cycling of biomass in the main aeration zone through the selector zone. The mechanisms of Zone 1 and the internal sludge recycle eliminate the requirement for separate fill-ratio selectivity, anoxic, and anaerobic mixing periods. The selector is self-regulating for any load condition and operates under anoxic and anaerobic reaction conditions ring non-aerated periods. Polishing denitrification and enzymatic transfer of available substrate ring enhanced biological phosphorus removal is also achieved in the selector zone. The complete-mix nature of the main reactor provides flow and load balancing and a tolerance to shock or toxic loadings, and the process prevents solids washout ring peak or wet weather hydraulic surges.

Process Cyclic Operation...

CASS™ utilizes a simple repeated time-based sequence which incorporates :

FILL-AERATION (for biological reactions)
FILL-SETTLE (for solids-liquid separation)
DECANT (to remove treated effluent)

Completion of these three operations constitute a cycle which is then repeated. The sequence above can also include a FILL, FILL-MIX, FILL-REACT, and REACT if required.

During the period of a cycle, the liquid level inside the reactor basin rises from a set bottom water level in response to a varying wastewater flow rate. Aeration ceases at a predetermined period of the cycle to allow the biomass to flocculate and settle under quiescent conditions. After a specific settling period, the treated effluent supernatant is removed (decanted), using a moving weir decanter. This operation returns the liquid level in the reactor basin to the bottom water level. Surplus solids are wasted as required to maintain the biomass MLSS at the required level. Solids wasting after settling enables waste sludge concentrations in excess of 10,000 mg/L to be removed.

Fill - Aeration...

The FILL-AERATION (react) operation refers to the air-on time of the process cycle. During this period, influent is received into the basin through the selector zone where it contacts with the biomass recycled from the main aeration zone. Complete-mix reaction conditions occur in Zone 3 ring this variable volume operational period.

Fill - Settle...

This refers to the first part of the air-off time period when quiescent settling conditions are created in Zone 3 for solids-liquid separation. The activated sludge solids form a sludge-level interface which progressively falls toward the floor of the basin. The flocs adhere together and the mass settles as a blanket leaving a clear supernatant. At the end of the aeration period, the sludge is at a uniform concentration. During the initial settling period, the sludge undergoes internal flocculation e to the resial mixing energy within the basin. As this energy dissipates the sludge interface forms and settles as a blanket. Dense solids fall through the formed mass to settle on the basin floor. There is an initial slow settling velocity which increases and then graally falls off e to the compressive accumulation of solids on the basin floor. Zone settling velocity is a function of the initial solids concentration, basin depth, total area of the basin and nature of the biological solids. A top water level solids concentration of around 3,500 mg/L will typically settle to form a layer of sludge having a mean concentration of around 10,000 mg/L. CASS™ facilities are sized and configured to operate with inflow into the basin ring the settle phase of the cycle. Biomass is returned from the main aeration zone to the selector zone to promote selectivity and create anoxic/anaerobic conditions.

Decant ( Effluent Removal )...

Inflow to the basin undergoing decanting (effluent withdrawal) is interrupted and directed to an alternate basin in a multi-basin facility or stored in a pump well in a single basin facility. The weir trough of the decanter is situated above top water level for both aeration and settling phases to prevent the accidental discharge of mixed liquor suspended solids. When operated ring the decant phase of the cycle, the decanter travels down at an initial fast speed. Interaction with the liquid level is detected by a level indicator float switch which causes the skimmer to proceed at its design rate of travel procing a constant rate of discharge of treated effluent from the basin. On reaching designated bottom water level, the decanter is reversed to its rest position at the initial fast speed.

Idle...

In practice, decanting will always be less than the allocated time available. This resial time is designated as IDLE and can be used as a period of inflow without aeration or reaction. The IDLE sequence begins 4 minutes after the skimmer has traveled in the reverse up direction and finishes at the end of the designated decant period. Biomass is recycled from Zone 3 to the selector zone to promote selectivity and create anoxic/anaerobic conditions.

Respiration Rate Control (RRC™)...

Dissolved oxygen is a necessary requirement for the biological oxidation reactions which take place with the CASS™ process. Resial dissolved oxygen occurs as a result of oxygen which is not used by the microorganisms in the biomass. Too much dissolved oxygen in the CASS™ process is wasteful of energy and may inhibit biological nutrient removal mechanisms. A simple control method has been developed to ensure optimum biological reaction conditions take place and valuable energy is not wasted. Advantage is taken of the fact that the CASS™ process conforms to a complete-mix reaction model. This also means that CASS™ provides a very stable reaction environment when compared to other conventional plug-flow activated sludge, extended aeration, contact stabilization, or sequencing batch reactor systems. A dissolved oxygen sensor is used to measure changes in biomass oxygen demand. For example, a rection in the oxygen load demand to a CASS™ basin will automatically cause a lowering of the aeration intensity (air supply) so that the excessive dissolved oxygen concentrations are prevented. Conversely, an increase in load demand will cause an increase in aeration intensity so that the metabolic activity of the biomass, as registered by its propensity to use oxygen, is matched with the corresponding aeration intensity rate of air feed into the reaction basin.

RRC™ directly interacts with the best sensor which is available for the control of air into the process. The system is an in-basin respirometer. Simply stated, low oxygen demand caused by low loadings ring diurnal, or other variations can now be directly matched to energy use. The biomass senses the oxygen requirements which are needed for the process. The dissolved oxygen sensor interprets that message and causes interaction with the rate of introction of air into the reaction basin.

The CASS™ RRC™ is simple and direct. RRC™ has direct benefits :

- Saves operating costs.
- Rection of waste activated sludge.
- Improved nutrient removal performance.

http://www.energymanagertraining.com/textiles/pdf/Cyclic%20Activated%20Sludge%20Technology.pdf

http://www.sbrcass.com/process.htm

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7083324.html

http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=lyM6SgHXimEC&pg=PA657&lpg=PA657&dq=cyclic+activated+sludge+system&source=web&ots=RZhwp9iKY3&sig=wpKRxcRFOj0qWKz5pJSqZApCgBU&hl=en

http://www.sawea.org/Workshops/Presentation2005/MainSession/Nov30/LUCAS%20ACTIVATED%20SLUDGE%20TECH.%20-%20WATERLEAU.pdf

http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Cnic0Co2V2QC&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=cyclic+activated+sludge+system&source=web&ots=wTkt1_5Rji&sig=lv5pGQArXqqESB7M1wr2AoE3zfI&hl=en

❼ 求英文翻译高手 翻译两篇污水处理的英文文献

楼上的素质也太低了点吧,用在线翻译出来的也来这混积分,没意思,我是帮不了你了,不过千万别用在线翻译的,会闹很多笑话的。

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