① 一个关于水处理的谁帮我翻译成英文啊
The design is mainly directed against the Nanjing in Jiangsu Province and the surrounding areas, the Yangtze River valley city tap water design, source water from the Yangtze River. the water sector is facing deteriorating water quality and treatment, the improvement of water quality requirements. Measures taken by : calling for pollution because current water treatment technology can not yet technically what water can do, not the other costs of the economy, So to a permanent solution, and actively look for measures to enhance the process, so that the treated water can meet the safety and health requirements. Yangtze River dominant wind direction for the whole Northeast, the summer winds led to the southeast, sub-led East southeast; Winter led the Northeast, Yangtze River water in recent years contains a lot of sand, water turbidity increased significantly. Design of the scale of the proction of 100,000 tons of water plant design. Water is used two-way struggle over water, coagulant selection of refined aluminum sulfate, chlorine disinfection agent selection, flocculation tank used clapboard flocculation tank. Filter V-filter selection.
② 急需水处理方面英文翻译
The wastewater system relies on the force of gravity to move sewage from your home to the treatment plant. So wastewater-treatment plants are located on low ground, often near a river into which treated water can be released. If the plant is built above the ground level, the wastewater has to be pumped up to the aeration tanks (item 3). From here on, gravity takes over to move the wastewater through the treatment process.
③ 求一篇给水水处理的英语文献，带翻译最好，急急急...
英文给排水论文
The multilevel residential housing is given and drains off water several questions designed
Summary: This text give and drain off water on multilevel residential housing design supply water the exertion of the tubular proct , Way of laying of pipeline, water gauge proce family set up, establishment and air conditioner condensation water of pot-type boiler discharge issue goes on the discussion , And put forward some concrete views. Keyword: Skyscraper, supply water the tubular proct , the pipeline is laid, The water gauge, the solar water heater
The skyscraper is simple with its auxiliary facility, the fabrication cost is low, the characteristic such as being convenient of estate management, Receive the welcomes of the real estate developer and vast resident of small and medium-sized cities very much. How project planning and design of inhabited region, scientific and technological instry of comfortable house, lead the request according to 2000, Improve the design level of the house, build out a comfortable living space for each household, It is each designers ty. As the heart of the house --The kitchen, bathroom, is that the function is complicated, hygiene, safe and comfortable degree are expected much, It is miscellaneous to build, the space expecting much in technology. So, the designer must consider synthetically with the idea and method of global design that the kitchen, bathroom give installation of the drainage pipeline and equipment, etc. Give and drain off water on skyscraper design supply water exertion, to lay pipeline of tubular proct, water gauge proce family set up, establishment and empty of pot-type boiler now Transfer condensation water discharge issue discuss together with colleagues.
( 1), supply water tubular proct select problem for use Traditional water supply tubular proct adopt zinc-plated steel tube generally, because zinc-plated steel tube exchange the corrosion, Use short-lived , use for and send domestic water can satisfied with water quality sanitary standard shortcoming, Ministry of Construction is popularizing the application of the feed pipe of plastics energetically . A lot of districts and cities have already expressed regulations: Forbid designing and using the zinc-plated steel tube , use widely the feed pipe of plastics. The plastics supply water In charge of compared with metal pipeline, light, it is fine to able to bear the intensity of keeping, Send obstruction little liquid , able to bear chemistry better to corrode performance, it is convenient to install, The steel energy-conservation of the province, merit of having long performance life etc.. Supply water and use plastics pipeline: Hard polyvinyl chloride( PVC-U), high density polyethylene( HDPE), pay and unite polyethylene( PEX) , modify the polypropylene( PP-R, PP-C), gather butane( PB), aluminum mould and compound and in charge of and the steel is molded and compound and is managed etc.. Choice of tubular proct economic comparative course of technology, technology should from pressure, temperature, environment for use, install method ,etc. go on and consider, Combine owners at the same time request and the house of grade, carry on and fix after being consider synthetically technology not economic. The above plastics supply water tubular proct can supply water tubular proct as house life. The economic and functional house conciliating Strand room in the face of the masses of with low- and medium-level incomes resident, can select for use hygiene grades of hard polyvinyl chloride in charge of as feed pipe mainly, In order to rece the fabrication cost; Medium-to-high grade commodity apartment available aluminum Mould and compound and in charge of or other plastics supply water the tubular proct as the feed pipe. House mix hot water temperature that water order exceed 600 C, so above-mentioned tubular proct in charge of except hard polyvinyl chloride and aluminum plastics compound and in charge of( PE-AL-PE), Mostly the tubular proct can be regarded as the hot water pipeline of the house.
( 2), pipeline lay problem 1. give and drain off water it set up there aren’t one that in charge of 1)Will install it in the corner place of the kitchen, bathroom tomorrow. Adopting this kind of way of laying more in the design of house in the past, it is convenient for it to construct, But will reveal the pipeline and hinder the room beautifully tomorrow Watch, the households will mostly be hidden with the light quality material in the equipment two times. 2)Will install it in the overcast angle place of the outer wall of the building tomorrow. Way this suitable for southern weather warm district only, the minimum temperature in winter cant be lower than zero degrees Centigrade, In case water pipe water-logging freeze ice is bloated to split pipeline, influence household use. Pipeline lay in outer wall, influence building to be beautiful, too inconvenient on manage and maintain in the future. 3) Lay it in the pipeline well. This way makes the room clean and beautiful, but the pipeline well has taken up the area of the bathroom, And pipeline construct, maintain relatively more difficult. Bathroom set up concentrate pipeline well, concentrate pipeline on assign in the well feed pipe, drain pipe, This is that the civilized importance lives in the kitchen of comfortable house, bathroom Embodiment. I think : Should consider the establishment of the pipeline well of the bathroom in the medium-to-high grade building conceptual design of commodity apartment, Improve quality of using of bathroom promptly so , can solve hard polyvinyl chloride drain pipe rivers noise heavy problem, Improve the environmental quality level of the room; Whether for bathroom in the areas for little economic and functional house and Overcome difficulties room, warm area give and drain off water and set up and in charge of and can consider and lay in the outer wall in the South, In order to increase using the space of the bathroom; Pipeline install and in the room, should influence kitchen, bathroom every sanitary equipment use of function tomorrow
2. supply water and prop up there aren’t tube House supply water prop up and in charge of pipe diameter one ≤ 32mm, de of battle,, little plastics feed pipe of pipe diameter is the crooked state, So the house supplies water and is propped up and in charge of being recommended and adopted and set up secretly. Supply water to prop up to manage darkly There are thes way had: 1)Set up in the brick wall secretly. Wall turn on and in charge of trough in brick when constructing, in charge of trough width tube +20 mm, de of external diameter,, degree of depth tube external diameter de, The pipeline is imbedded and managed directly Trough, and with in charge of card fix in trough of inning charge of son. 2)Whether pipe diameter supply water and prop up and last de ≤ 20mm,can set up at floor secretly( ) piece make level by layer. Turn on and in charge of trough in floor( ground) the board when constructing, it wides trough have to be de +10 mm deeply 1/2 of the de, Half pipeline imbed and in charge of trough, and with in charge of card fix in trough of inning charge of tube. Aluminum mould compound and in charge of and pay and unite polypropylene in charge of pipeline adopt metal pipe fittings connection, Must strengthen and in charge of trough size when adopting and set up secretly, and rivers some flood peak loss relatively heavy. Assign the relative house that concentrated to the kitchen, bathroom interior hygiene utensil, Can adopt and divide Water device go on and join , divide water device whether one more than branch in charge of and connect, every hygiene utensil supply water and prop up and in charge of and connects and publishes from the water dividing device separately. Can already prevent the tube burying the pipeline secretly from being connected like this Permeate the question. Can rece some flood peak lost, decrease the fabrication cost of pipe networks
3)Drain off water and prop up the tube to lay House room drain off water and in charge of and should set up at the time of inning this each, drain off water and in charge of permeating sideways like this canning prevent the sewage from waiting for the pollutant to enter the neighbor family sideways, Will not influence the neighbor either when the pipeline is maintained Normal life of one. Kitchen wash water drainage of basin propped up and in charge of generalizing inserts draining off water to stand to manage this layer of floor sideways; Floor drainage off water propped up and in charge of laying the room of lower floor. A lot of colleagues think now: Whether kitchen the ground it lay ceramic tile of, whose name is clean in when need develop with water,not strong in meaning to set up floor drain, So kitchen set up ground floor drain, avoid and drain off water and prop up and in charge of and enter neighbor family sideways already so, Can increase using the space of the kitchen . Bathroom drain off water and prop up and in charge of and lay concrete measure have in this layer sideways inside: 1)Improve the bathroom ground . Ground tendency high 150mm, adopt back row type take stool pot, washing basin, bath tub, water drainage of floor drain in charge of and bury in cushion layer secretly sideways. 2)Adopt the sinking type bathroom. Bathroom sink 350mm the floor, hygiene utensil drain off water and in charge of and bury on sinking space secretly sideways
Two method these can realize water drainage of bathroom prop up and in charge of earths surface to bury underground this one without entering the neighbor family sideways. Bury pipeline when installing, construction quality must check on strictly, can construct bathroom ground after confirming qualified secretly, So as not to leave the hidden danger in giving in the future using. Bathroom ground construct and can pack coal ash light quality material , also can adopt and lay bricks impracticable to lay plate making construct ground, Ground must make waterproof to deal with, method can waterproof to deal with according to roofing, make two oil one rubber and plastic ointment waterproof cloth.
3), water gauge the open air set up problem The water gauge is had indoors, not only the work load of checking meter is very heavy , but also make the security and privacy of the house rece greatly . So house divide into households of water gauge or divide households of figure of water gauge Show that should be set up in the open air. Skyscraper water gauge the open air set up following several kinds of forms: Whether 1.adopt far it pass by water gauge Change the ordinary water gauge into and pass the water gauge far, is joined the water gauge and data gathering machine by a signal line, And then reach intelligence to manage( the computer). Its merit lies in saving a large amount of people Strength comes to check meter, the data are accurate, the shortcoming is that the fabrication cost is high. Whether 2.adopt magnetic stripe card of by water gauge Users buy the electronic card of the running water Company in advance , then insert it in the storing device of the water gauge, Card amount of money dect automatically on the water, this way user need to prepay the water rate, The price of the water gauge is relatively high.
3. adopt it set up at the open air water gauge not ordinary 1)The water gauge is set up in the stair have a rest in the alcove of the platform. Household watersupply to prop up and manage and enter the kitchen, bathroom after the water gauge is measured. Way this realize water gauge proce room set up, equivalence low project have , supply water and set up and in charge of and set up with water gauge office results in aesthetic problems in stair. It suitable for the South warm district kitchen, bathroom assign close to the houses of positions of staircase. 2)The water gauge concentrates on being set up among the water gauges( meter box). Person who give when supplying water, set up water gauge in ground floor( meter box) on falling, every household watersupply to prop up and is in charge of applying having in the pipeline well, Southern area can overcast horn place lay along the outer wall in building too; Person who give when supplying water, can set up water gauge in roof( meter box) under upgoing. This way increases and supplies water to prop up In charge of and lay length, pipeline lay and influence building to be beautiful along outer wall. Water gauge proce way choice that family assign, must combine house kitchen, bathroom plane assign characteristic and concrete request of developer, Carry on to several feasibility scheme the above economic technology fix after comparing. Property well-managed medium-to-high grade commodity apartment of housing district, can adopt and pass the water gauge far , It is that the water gauge will use the developing direction in the future; Estate management perfect medium- to-high grade commodity apartment of housing district, can adopt magnetic stripe card water gauge( Company have this kind district of business can design in running water) Or concentrate on setting up it among the water gauges( case); Southern area unit type house can set up rest platform office in stair with ordinary water gauge, In order to rece the fabrication cost.
4) establishment question of the pot-type boiler Should reserve and install hot water supply terms of facility, set up hot water supply facilities with when the design of house. Have and concentrate house that hot water supply on , should consider house assign with installation position and cold hot water pipeline of hot water device. The pot-type boiler generally has three kinds, such as gas, electricity, solar energy,etc.. Whether last kitchen gas heater and electric heater or Bathroom inside, give when draining off water design shoulding reserve installation position and cold hot water interface of pipeline of water heater in advance in building, Install by oneself when convenient users fit up. Solar energy and hot water It is simple and convenient and safe for device to use, need fuel and electric power is low to run the expenses, Have long performance life, pollution-free, received by the masses of users favourably very much, Many houses have been small in recent years The district all install the solar water heater at the time of designing and construct. Solar water heater install and at the roof, need to set up the cold hot water pipeline among bathroom and water heater of the roofing like this generally, Consider installation of solar water heater when the design of house, household can only lay cold and hot pipeline along the building outer wall when installing in the future, Increase household degree of difficulty when installing like this , increase pipeline make the investment, influence building beautiful. Give when draining off water the design needing to solicit the developers suggestion first in building, Interconnected system one design, construct the solar water heater in unison; Reserve solar water heater and cold hot water installation position of pipeline in advance only. The cold hot water pipeline of the solar water heater can be laid In the pipeline well; Set up pipeline house of well , can set up one UPVC drain pipe of de110 as solar water heater hot water sleeve pipe of pipeline close to corner of person who take a shower in bathroom, Set up a de110 *75 three direct links in each hygiene interval ground, as connecting the entry of cold and hot water pipe
( 5), air conditioner condensation ink discharge the issue In recent years, air conditioner enter huge numbers of families graally, condensation water amorphous to discharge the building outer wall of pollution air conditioner have, Have influenced a beautiful important problem of biotope already. Building give when draining off water design shoulding consider air conditioner condensation ink discharge in a organized way. Concrete method can machine set up the water drain pipe of the condensation by the position outside reserving air conditioner, Drain off water and set up and in charge of and select PVC-U drain pipe de40 for use , reserve three direct links of draining off water highly in each air conditioner, It is convenient for air conditioner to drain off water hose insert directly.
④ 建筑给水排水的英文论文 3000字左右，最好带中文翻译 和水处理的论文也行 我的邮箱[email protected]
写一篇中文的,然后去有道翻译!
⑤ 关于水处理污泥的文献翻译
自来水厂的排泥水处理工作应从对具体水厂的排泥水水质特性分析出发，注意自来水厂污泥和污水厂污泥之间的本质差别。本文探讨研究了自来水厂排泥水处理技术的若干问题，诸如：如何正确确定自来水厂的污泥干固体产量？如何减少自来水厂沉淀池的排泥水水量？为什么要设置污泥调蓄均衡池？等等。
关键词：自来水厂排泥水处理
随着我国对环境保护和整治力度的不断加强，许多省市的环保部门近年来积极督促各地自来水公司在扩建、新建自来水厂的同时，要筹措资金同步实施水厂的排泥水处理工程。1996年以来，石家庄、北京、上海和深圳等城市先后建成投产了几个水厂的排泥水处理工程，开始了我国自来水厂排泥水处理的起步阶段。
自来水厂排泥水不经处理就直排江河湖泊等水体，成为水体的重要污染源，淤积抬高河床，影响江河的航运和行洪排涝能力。我国是水资源紧缺的国家，水资源是制约国民经济可持续发展的重要物质条件。努力搞好自来水厂排泥水处理工程，在改善水环境的同时，还可回收利用占水厂供水量2～4%左右的水量，一定程度上缓解水资源紧缺的矛盾。我国近2800个城市自来水厂今后如陆续着手建设排泥水处理工程，将可能涉及数百亿元巨额基建投资的能否合理使用，能否相应实现预期的工程效应和环境效益的重大现实问题。
结合几年来在自来水厂排泥水处理科研工作和工程实践中的一些经验、教训和体会，联系在国内、外一些自来水厂和污水厂的污泥处理工程参观调研过程中的收获、心得和思考，对自来水厂排泥水处理技术的若干问题提出如下看法和建议，供我国自来水厂排泥水处理工程建设和研究工作参考。
1.自来水厂排泥水处理工程设计规模如何合理取值问题
自来水厂排泥水处理工程设计工作中，除了必须切实掌握水厂的混凝沉淀池排泥水日产水量、滤池冲洗废水的日产水量和单格滤池一次冲洗废水量外，更重要的是必须对水厂污泥干固体日产量设计规模进行合理取值，它直接影响污泥脱水机械等的选型配置、有关设备和构筑物的配备和设计，直接影响整个排泥水处理和污泥处置的工程投资和今后工程正常合理运行的可能性。
水厂排泥水中的污泥干固体含量，由净水过程中截留去除的原水中泥沙、腐殖质、藻类等悬浮杂质和水厂投加的混凝剂、助凝剂等二部分组成，前者占主要比重。
水厂的日常水质检测项目中，与原水中悬浮杂质含量密切相关的主要是原水浑浊度NTU值。测定水的浑浊度NTU值的浊度仪是基于测定光源通过被测水的散射光强弱的光学仪器，能有效检测水中主要属胶体粒径范围的杂质颗粒。由于不同水源水中的悬浮杂质颗粒大小组成和形状各不相同，因此各种水源水的浊度NTU值大小并不一定可按某固定比值直接换算成反映水中悬浮杂质浓度SS值(mg/L)的大小。因此取用不同水源水的水厂在进行排泥水处理工程设计之前，一般应先对全年不同时段的水源水取样进行浑浊度NTU值和原水中悬浮固体量SS值的一系列同步检测对比。所获大量数据进行数学回归和相关分析，得出NTU与SS值之间的相关关系，再联系水源具体情况和近年原水浊度资料的概率统计分析等，可合理确定该水厂排泥水处理工程污泥干固体量DS的日处理规模。若不能认真根据当地水源水质实际情况得出可靠的NTU:SS的相关值，则估算的水厂排泥水处理工程的干污泥DS日处理规模量可能与实际相差甚远，甚至可能差一、二倍以上！严重影响工程建设的合理性.
我国不少城市自来水厂已将建设排泥水处理工程提上议事日程，建议在日常检测原水浊度NTU值的同时，进行一些原水悬浮固体SS值的对比检测，及早作好这项影响工程设计规模的前期准备工作。
The waterworks platoon spate processing work should from embark to theconcrete water works platoon spate water quality characteristicanalysis, attention waterworks sludge and between dirt water workssludge essential distinction. This article discussed has studied thewaterworks row of spate processing technology certain questions, suchas: How correctly determined the waterworks sludge does the solidoutput? How reces the waterworks sedimentation pond platoon spatewater volume? Why has to establish the sludge to store and regulatethe balanced pond? . Key word: Waterworks row of spate processing And renovates dynamics along with our country to theenvironmental protection unceasingly to strengthen, many provinces andcities environmental protection departments positively supervised eachplace running water company in recent years ring the extension,newly built waterworks, had to raise fund synchronization to implementthe water works the platoon spate processing project. Since 1996, cityand so on Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen successivelyhas completed has gone into proction several water works platoonspate processing projects, started our country waterworks row of spateprocessing start stage. A waterworks row of spate after processing on water body and so onstraight platoon rivers and streams lake, does not become the waterbody the important source of pollution, silts up raises the river bed,affects the rivers and streams the shipping and line of Hong drainswaterlogged land the ability. Our country is the water resourcesscarce country, the water resources is restricts the national economysustainable development the important physical conditions. Diligentlydoes well the waterworks row of spate processing project, ringimprovement water environment, but also may recycle the use to occupythe water works for the water volume 2 ~ 4% about water volume, in thecertain degree alleviates the water resources scarce contradiction.Our country nearly 2,800 cities waterworks next like one after anotherwill begin to construct the row of spate processing project, whetherpossibly will involve several hundred hundred million Yuan largeamount initial costs reasonably to use, whether correspondingrealization anticipated project effect and environment benefit vitalrealistic question. Unifies for several years in the waterworks row of spate processingscientific research work and project practice some experiences, thelesson and the experience, relates in the home, outside somewaterworks and in the dirt water works sludge processing project visitinvestigation and study process harvest, the attainment and theponder, to the waterworks row of spate processing technology certainquestions proposed the following view and the suggestion, refers forour country waterworks row of spate processing engineeringconstruction and the research work. 1. Waterworks row of spate processing engineering design scale howreasonable value question In the waterworks row of spate processing engineering designwork, except must practically grasp the water works the coagulationsedimentation pond row of spate daily proction water volume, thefilter tank flushing waste water daily proction water volume and thesingle standard filter tank time flushes outside the waste watervolume, more importantly must do the solid daily output design scaleto the water works sludge to carry on the reasonable value, itdirectly affects the sludge dewatering machinery and so on the shapingdisposition, the related equipment and the construction equipment withthe design, direct influence entire platoon spate processing andsludge handling project investment and next project normal reasonablemovement possibility. In the water works row of spate sludge does the solid content,temporarily stops in the original water by only the water process inwhich removes the silt, the humus, the algae and so on the aerosolimpurity and the water works throws adds 混凝剂, helps congeals themedicinal preparation and so on two parts to be composed, formeraccounts for the main proportion. In the water works daily water quality examination project, with theoriginal water in the aerosol foreign inclusion close correlationmainly is the original water 浑浊度 NTU value. The determinationwater 浑浊度 the NTU value turbidity meter is based on thedetermination photosource through the diffused light strong and theweak optical instrument which sounds, can effectively examine in thesounding mainly to be the colloid particle size scope the impuritypellet. Because in the different water source water aerosol impuritypellet size composition and the shape are various, therefore each kindof water source water turbidity NTU value size certainly notnecessarily may directly convert in the reflection water according tosome fixed ratio the aerosol impurity density SS value (mg/L) size.Therefore uses the different water source water the water works incarry on before the row of spate processing engineering design,generally should first carry on 浑浊度 NTU value and in theoriginal water to the whole year different time interval water sourcewater sample the aerosol solid amount of space occupied SS value aseries of synchronous detection contrast. Attains the mass datas tocarry on mathematics return and the correlation analysis, obtains NTUand between the SS value correlational dependence, again related thewater source special details and the recent years original waterturbidity material probability statistical analysis and so on, butreasonably determined this water works row of spate processing projectsludge did solid amount of space occupied DS the date processingscale. If cannot earnestly according to the local water source waterquality actual situation to obtain reliable NTU:SS the correlativevalue, then estimates the water works row of spate processing projectdry sludge DS date processing gauge mole is possible and actual isfar from, even may the energy balance above one, two times! Seriousinfluence engineering construction rationality Our country many cities waterworks have constructed the row of spateprocessing project to propose the agenda, suggested while dailyexamination original water turbidity NTU value, carries on someoriginal water suspended solid SS values the contrast examination,early finishes this influence engineering design scale the earlierperiod preparatory work.
⑥ 关于水处理方面的英文文献翻译
Shandong Taihe Water Treatment Co., Ltd. is a development, proction, sales and technical service for one professional manufacturer of water treatment agent.
Taihe operating objectives are:
Doing world-class water treatment chemicals and related professional manufacturer of chemicals
Taihe target customers are:
1. Domestic: peer and distributor of water treatment;
2. International: the international well-known large companies, chemical distributors, dealers.
Taihe services:
1. Free water quality analysis, prescription screening, operation of programming, on-site guidance, such as a full range of technical services (Taihe-site customer service is the name of the end-user);
2. Proct customization, sample processing, free mixed: the proction of all work-related Taihe completed, you need to do is hard to maintain customers.
Taihe advantages:
1. Technological advantage: its own labs and professional R & D team is a new source of emerging procts and proct quality have been improved security; a well-established quality assurance system and advanced detection equipment is in the quality of procts and stability can be improved basis.
Our senior engineers, general manager of the chemical analysis, ISO9001: 2000 quality management system auditors who; several elite members of the instry consultants, employed a number of years so the guidance of Dr..
2. Proct advantages: full range, quality, stability, and cost-effective;
Integrated circuit chips exported to Japan for the high-purity crystal cleaner chemical procts, as well as the largest domestic proction of organic phosphate crystals, such as ATMP, HEDP, EDTMPA, HDTMPA solid, such as potassium and sodium.
Polymer dispersant is a series of advantages Taihe procts, is the focus of export procts, export more than 1000 tons of AA / AMPS, TH-3100 and so on, as a result of the proction process optimization and bulk purchases of raw materials, relatively low cost can be to provide users with high-quality polymer prices lower, if you have a molecular weight of polymer, we have the instry's only gel chromatography and unique technology enables the polymerization to control molecular weight and its distribution of procts to meet your needs.
3. Management Advantage: It is an experienced management team and strong combat effectiveness, good management system and operation of ERP systems for many years.
⑦ 跪求水处理英文文献 最好带中文翻译的
这个很简单，只要在google中输入“sewage treatment technology”便可以找到很多与污水处理相关的资料以及文献，下面是些例子
http://www.cleanharbour.gov.hk/english/download/safeguarding.pdf
http://www.juanico.co.il/Main%20frame%20-%20English/Issues/Sewage%20treatment%20technologies.htm
http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr117359e.html
⑧ 急求关于水处理的英文原文和翻译，谢谢了
给排水常用名词中英文对照
1、给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
2、排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
3、给水系统 water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
4、排水系统 sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
5、给水水源 water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。
10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
12、废水 wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
14、用水量 water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。
15、污水量 wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
16、用水定额 water flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
17、排水定额 wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
18、水质 water quality 在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。
19、渠道 channel ,conit 天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。
20、泵站 pumping house 设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。
21、泵站 pumping station 泵房及其配套设施的总称。
22、给水处理 water treatment 对不符合用不对象水质要求的水。进行水质改善的过程。
23、污水处理 sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进行净化的过程。
24、废水处理 wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排。一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。
25、格栅 bar screen 一种栅条形的隔污设备，用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。
26、曝气 aeration 水与气体接触，进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程。
27、沉淀 sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程。
28、澄清 clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程。
29、过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程。
30、离子交换法 ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。
31、氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程。
32、余氯 resial chlorine 水中投氯，经一定时间接触后，在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和。
33、游离性余氯 free resial chlorine 水中以次氯酸和次氯酸盐形态存在的余氯。
34、结合性余氯 combinative resial chlorine 水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形态存在的余氯。
35、污泥 sludge 在水处理过程中产生的，以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物。
36、污泥处理 sludge treatment 对污泥的最终安排。一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等。
37、水头损失 head loss 水流通过管渠、设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗。
给水工程中系统和水量方面的术语
1、直流水系统 once through system 水经过一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
2、复用水系统 water reuse system 水经重复利用后再行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
3、循环水系统 recirculation system 水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统。
4、生活用水 domestic water 人类日常生活所需用的水。
5、生产用水 process water 生产过程所需用的水。
6、消防用水 fire demand 扑灭火灾所需用的水。
7、浇洒道路用水 street flushing demand ,road watering 对城镇道路进行保养、清洗、降温和消尘等所需用水。
8、绿化用水 green belt sprinkling ,green plot sprinkling 对市政绿地等所需用的水。
给水工程取水构筑物的术语
1、管井 deep well ,drilled well 井管从地面打到含水层，抽取地下水的井。
2、管井滤水管 deep well screen 设置在管井动水位以下，用以从含水层中集水的有缝隙或孔隙的管段。
3、管井沉淀管 grit compartment 位于管井最下部，用以容纳进入井内的沙粒和从水中析出的沉淀物的管段。
4、大口井 g well ,open well 由人工开挖或沉井法施工，设置井筒，以截取浅层地下水的构筑物。
5、井群 batter of wells 数个井组成的群体。
6、渗渠 infiltration gallery 壁上开孔，以集取浅层地下水的水平管渠。
7、地下水取水构筑物反滤层 inverted layer 在大口井或渗渠进水处铺设的粒径沿水流方向由细到粗的级配砾层(简称反滤层)
8、泉室 spring chamber 集取泉水的构筑物。
9、进水间 intake chamber 连接取水管与吸水井、内设格栅或格网的构筑物。
10、格网 screen 一种网状的用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物、水生动物或其他污染物的拦污设备。其网眼尺寸较格栅为小。
11、吸水井 suction well 为水泵吸水管专门设置的构筑物。
给水工程中净水构筑物的术语
1、净水构筑物 purification structure 以去除水中悬浮固体和胶体杂质等为主要目的的构筑物的总称。
2、投药 chemical dosing 为进行水处理而向水中加一定剂量的化学药剂的过程。
3、混合 mixing 使投入的药剂迅速均匀地扩散于被处理水中以创造良好的凝聚反应条件的过程。
4、凝聚 coagulation 为了消除胶体颗粒间的排斥力或破坏其亲水性，使颗粒易于相互接触而吸附的过程。
5、絮凝 flocculation A、完成凝聚的胶体在一定的外力扰动下相互碰撞、聚集以形成较大絮状颗粒的过程。曾用名反应。 B、高分子絮凝剂在悬浮固体和胶体杂质之间吸附架桥的过程。
6、自然沉淀 plain sedimentation 不加注任何凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
7、凝聚沉淀 coagulation sedimentation 加注凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
8、凝聚剂 coagulant 在凝聚过程中所投加的药剂的统称。
9、助凝剂 coagulant aid 在水的沉淀、澄清过程中，为改善絮凝效果，另设加的辅助药剂。
10、药剂固定储备量 standby reserve 为考虑非正常原因导致药剂供应中断，而在药剂仓库内设置的在一般情况下不准动用的储备量。简称固定储备量。
11、药剂周转储备量 current reserve 考虑药剂消耗与供应时间之间差异所需的储备量。简称周转储备量。
12、沉沙池(沉砂池)desilting basin ,grit chamber 去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的较大粒径沙粒或杂粒的水池。
13、预沉池 pre-sedimentation tank 原水中泥沙颗粒较大或浓度较高时，在进行凝聚沉淀处理前设置的沉淀池。
14、平流沉淀池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流动的沉淀池。
15、异向流斜管 (或斜板)沉淀池 tube(plate)settler 池内设置斜管(或斜板)，水自下而上经斜管(或斜板)进行沉淀，沉泥沿斜管(或斜板)向下滑动的沉淀的池。
16、同向流斜板沉淀池lamella 池内设置斜板，沉淀过程在斜板内进行，水流与沉泥均沿斜板向下流动的沉淀池。
17、机械搅拌澄清池 accelerator 利用机械使水提升和搅拌，促使泥渣循环，并使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣接触絮凝而分离沉淀的水池。
18、水力循环澄清池 circulator clarifier 利用水力使水提升，促使泥渣循环，并使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣接触絮凝而分离沉淀的水池。
19、脉冲澄清池 pulsator 悬浮层不断产生固周期性的压缩和膨胀，促使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣进行接触凝聚页分离沉淀的水池。
20、悬浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier 加药后的原水由上通过处于悬浮状态的泥渣层，使水中杂质与泥渣悬浮层的颗粒碰撞凝聚而分离沉淀的水池。
21、液面负荷 surface load 在沉淀池、澄清池等沉淀构筑物的净化部分中，单位液(水)面积所负担的出水流量。其计量单位通常以m3/(m2.h)表示。
22、气浮池 floatation tank 运用絮凝和浮选原理使液体中的杂质分离上浮而去除的池子。
23、气浮溶气罐 dissolved air vessel 在气浮工艺中，水与空气在有压条件下相互溶合的密闭容器。简称溶气罐。
24、清水池 clear-water reservoir 为贮存水厂中净化后的清水，以调节水厂制水量与供水量之间的差额，并为满足加氯接触时间而设置的水池。
给水工程中输配水管网的术语
1、配水管网 distribution system ，pipe system 将水送到分配管网以至用户的管系。
2、环状管网pipe network 配水管网的一种置形式，管道纵横相互接通，形成环状。
3、枝状管网 branch system 配水管网的一种布置形式，干管和支管分明，形成树枝状。
4、水管支墩 buttress ,anchorage 为防止由管内水压引起的水管配件接头移位而造成漏水，需在水管干线适当部位砌筑的墩座。简称支墩。
排水工程中排水制度和管渠附属构筑物的术语及其涵义
1、排水制度 sewer system 在一个地区内收集和输送废水的方式。它有合流制和分流制两种基本方式。
2、合流制 combined system 用同一种管渠分别收集和输送废水的排水的方式。
3、分流制 separate system 用不同管渠分别收集和输送各种污水、雨水和生产废水的排水的方式。
4、检查井 manhole 排水管渠上连接其他管渠以及供养护工人检查、清通和出入管渠的构筑物。
5、跌水井 drop manhole 上下游管底跌差较大的检查井。
6、事故排出口 emergency outlet 在排水系统发生故障时，把废水临时排放到天然水体或其它地点去的设施。
7、曝雨溢流井 (截留井)storm overflow well ,intercepting well 合流制排水系统中，用来截留、控制合流水量的构筑物
排水工程中水和水处理的术语及其涵义
1、生活污水 domestic sewage ,domestic wastewater 居民中日常生活中排出的废水。
2、工业废水 instrial wastewater 生产过程中排出的水。它包括生产废水和生产污水。
3、生产污水polluted instrial wastewater 被污染的工业废水。还包括水温过高，排入后造成热污染的工业废水。
4、生产废水 non-polluted instrial wastewater 未受污染或受轻微污染以及水温稍有升高的工业废水。
5、城市污水 municipal sewage ,municipal wastewater 排入城镇污水系统的污水的统称。在合流制排水系统中，还包括生产废水和截留的雨水。
6、旱流污水 dry weather flow 合流制排水系统在晴天时输送的污水。
7、水体自净 self-purification of water bodies 河流等水体在自然条件的生化作用下，有机物降解，溶解氧回升和水体生物群逐渐恢复正常的过程。
8、一级处理 primary treatment 去除污水中的漂浮物和悬浮物的净化过程，主要为沉淀。
9、二级处理 secondary treatment 污水经一级处理后，用生物处理方法继续除去污水不胶体和溶解性有机物的净化过程。
10、生物处理 biological treatment 利用微生物的作用，使污水中不稳定有机物降解和稳定的过程。
11、活性污泥法 activated sludge process 污水生物处理的一种方法。该法是在人工充氧条件下，对污水和各微生物群体进行连续混和培养，形成活性污泥。利用活性污泥的生物凝聚、吸附和氧化作用，以分解去除污水中的有机污染物。然后使污泥与水分离，大部分污泥再回流到曝气池，多余部分则排出活性污泥系统。
12、生物膜法 biomembrance process 污水生物处理的一种方法。该法采用各种不同载体，通过污水与载体的不断接触，在载体上繁殖生物膜，利用膜的生物吸附和氧化作用，以降解去除污水中的有机污染物，脱落下来的生物膜与水进行分离。
13、双层沉淀池(隐化池) Imhoff tank 由上层沉淀槽和下层污泥消化室组成。
14、初次沉淀池 primary sedimentation tank 污水处理中第一次沉淀的构筑物，主要用以降低污水中的悬浮固体浓度。
15、二次沉淀池 secondary sedimentation tank 污水生物处理出水的沉淀构筑物，用以分离其中的污泥。
16、生物滤池 biological filter ,trickling filter 由碎石或塑料制品填料构成的生物处理构筑物。污水与填料表面上生长的微生物膜间歇接触，使污水得到净化。
17、生物接触氧化 bio-contact oxidation 由浸没在污水中的填料和人工曝气系统构成的生物处理工艺。在有氧的条件下，污水与填表面的生物膜反复接触，使污水获得净化。
18、曝气池 aeration tank 利用活性污泥法进行污水生物处理的构筑物。池内提供一定污水停留时间，满足好氧微生物所需的氧量以及污水与活性污泥充分接触的混合条件。
排水工程中污泥和污泥处理的术语及其涵义
1、原污泥 raw sludge 未经污泥处理的初沉污泥、二沉剩余污或两者的混合污泥。
2、初沉污泥 primary sludge 从初次沉淀池排出的沉淀物。
3、二沉污泥 secondary sludge 从二次沉淀池排出的沉淀物。
4、活性污泥 activated sludge 曝气池中繁殖的含有各种好氧微生物群体的絮状体。
5、消化污泥 digested sludge 经过好氧消化或厌氧消化的污泥，所含有机物质浓度有一定程度的降低，并趋于稳定。
6、回流污泥 returned sludge 由于次沉淀池(或沉淀区)分离出来，回流到曝气池的活性污泥。
7、剩余污泥 excess activated sludge 活性污泥系统中从二次沉淀池(或沉淀区)排出系统外的活性污泥。
8、污泥气 sludge gas 在污泥厌氧消化时，有机物分解所产生的气体。主要成分为甲烷和二氧化碳，并有少量的氢、氮和硫化氢。俗称沼气。
9、污泥消化 sludge digestion 在有氧或无氧条件下，利用微生物的作用，使污泥中有机物转化为较稳定物质的过程。
10、好氧消化 aerobic digestion 污泥经过较长时间的曝气，其中一部分有机物由好氧微生物进一步降解和稳定的过程。
11、厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 在无氧条件下，污泥中的有机物由厌氧微生物进行降解和稳定的过程。
12、中温消化 mesophilic digestion 污泥在温度为33℃－35℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺。
13、高温消化 thermophilic digestion 污泥在温度为53℃－55℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺。
14、污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 采用重力或气浮法降低污泥含水量，使污泥稠化的过程。
15、污泥淘洗 elutriation of sludge 改善污泥脱水能的一种污泥预处理方法。用清水或废水淘洗污泥，降低水化污泥碱度，节省污泥处理投药量，提高污滤脱水效率。
16、污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 对浓缩污泥进一步去除一部分含水量的过程，一般指机械脱水。
17、污泥真空过滤 sludge vacuum filtration 利用真空使过滤介质一侧减压，介质的污泥脱水方法。
18、污泥压滤 sludge pressure filtration 采用正压过滤，使污泥水强制滤过介质的污泥脱水方法。
19、污泥干化 sludge drying 通过渗滤或蒸发等作用，从污泥中去除大部分含水量的过程，一般指采用污泥干化场(床)等自然蒸发设施。
20、污泥焚烧 sludge incineration 污泥处理的一种工艺。它利用焚烧炉将脱水污泥加温干燥，再用高温氧化污泥中的有机物，使污泥成为少量灰烬。
排水工程中物理量的术语及其涵义
1、生化需氧量 biochmical oxygen demand 水样在一定条件下，于一定期间内(一般采用5日、20℃)进行需氧化所消耗的溶解氧量。英文简称BOD。
2、化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 水样中可氧化物从氧化剂重铬酸钾中所吸收的氧量。英文简称COD。
3、耗氧量 oxygen consumption 水样中氧化物从氧化剂高锰酸钾所吸收的氧量。英文简称OC或CODMn 。
4、悬浮固体 suspended solid 水中呈悬浮状态的固体，一般指用滤纸过滤水样，将滤后截留物在105℃温度中干燥恒重后的固体重量。英文简称SS
⑨ 水处理有限公司英文怎么翻译
建议：
Water treatment Co., Ltd.
⑩ 求水处理中英文对照外文论文翻译
Introction to Civil Engineering Papers
Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development.
People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture.
The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present.
The application of a large number of steel procts is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel.
From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical instry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and compressive strength, ctility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then proce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the graal emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers.
From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle.
In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering.
During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel proction, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering.
From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been pre-stressed concrete. Pre-stressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering.
A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydro-geological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and construction technology, construction and other fields of knowledge, as well as computer and mechanical testing techniques. Civil engineering is therefore a broad range of integrated disciplines. With the progress in science and technology development and engineering practice, the civil engineering disciplines have also been developed into a broad connotation, the number of categories, the structure of complex integrated system.
Civil Engineering is accompanied by the development of human society developed. It works in the construction of facilities reflect the various historical periods of socio-economic, cultural, scientific, technological development outlook, which civil society has become one of the historical development of the witness.
In ancient times, people began to build simple houses, roads, bridges and still water channel to meet the simple life and proction. Later, in order to adapt to the war, proction and dissemination of religious life, as well as the needs of the construction of the city, canals, palaces, temples and other buildings.
Many well-known works shown in this historical period of human creativity. For example, the Great Wall of China, Dujiangyan, the Grand Canal, Zhaozhou Bridge, Yingxian Wooden Tower, the pyramids of Egypt, Greece's Parthenon, Rome's water supply project, colosseum amphitheater (Rome large animal fighting Field), as well as many other well-known churches, palaces and so on.
After the instrial revolution, especially in the 20th century, on the one hand, civil society to put forward a new demand; On the other hand, all areas of society for the advancement of civil engineering to create good conditions. Thus this period of civil engineering has been advanced by leaps and bounds. All over the world there have been large-scale modernization of instrial plants, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, highways and railways, long-span bridges, and large-diameter pipelines long tunnel, the Grand Canal, the big dams, airports, port and marine engineering, etc. . For civil engineering continually modern human society to create a new physical environment, human society, modern civilization has become an important part.
Civil Engineering is a very practical subjects. In the early days, through the civil engineering practice, summing up successful experience, in particular, to draw lessons from the failure of developed. From the beginning of the 17th century, with Galileo and Newton as a pilot with the mechanics of the modern civil engineering practice, graally formed the mechanical, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, civil engineering as the basis of theoretical subjects. This experience in civil engineering from the graally developed into a science.
In the course of the development of civil engineering, engineering practice often first experience in theory, engineering accidents often show a new unforeseen factors, triggering a new theory of the research and development. So far a number of projects dealing with the problem, is still very much rely on practical experience.
Civil Engineering Technology with the main reason for the development of engineering practice and not by virtue of scientific experiments and theoretical studies, for two reasons: First, some of the objective situation is too complicated and difficult to faithfully carry out laboratory or field testing and analysis. For example, the foundation, tunnel and underground engineering and deformation of the state and its changes over time, still need to refer to an analysis of engineering experience to judge. Second, only a new engineering practice in order to reveal new problems. For example, the construction of a high-rise buildings, high-rise tower and mast-span bridges, wind and earthquake engineering problems highlighted in order to develop this new theory and technology.
In the long-term civil engineering practice, it is not only building great attention to the arts, has made outstanding achievements; and other works, but also through the choice of different materials, such as the use of stone, steel and reinforced concrete, with natural Environmental art in the construction of a number of very beautiful, very functional and good works. Ancient Great Wall of China, the modern world, many of the television tower and the bridge ramp Zhang, are cases in point.