A. 我去补牙看到牙医用的是这种材料：Spectrum shadeA3 这种材料好不好的用这种材料补一个牙大概要多少钱啊
就是一种光固化树脂，价格不一定，有的地方要200多，有的地方收1000多，根据诊所的档内次来的，烤瓷牙价钱在容500-7000之间不等，至于镶什么牙好要看你的牙条件，缺牙部位，数目，补牙也是要看你蛀牙的位置，大小，看牙不是一次能好的，特别是牙痛，一般要根管治疗就要3-5次，然后再做烤瓷又要2-4次，
B. 急！谁能帮我找一篇机械英文论文，并翻译成中文
谈数字印刷机及数字印刷油墨的种类
随着印刷数字化步伐的加快，数字印刷cTP等新技术如火如荼．已经成为当今印刷不可逆转的主流发展技术。数字印刷的印刷适性也与传统印刷有明显的不同．对印刷设备印刷材料，印刷技术提出了新的要求．为了达到良好的印刷质量和高速度生产．数字印刷材料，尤其是数字印刷油墨的研究和开发显得更为重要。经过几年的发展，数字印刷油墨技术已日甄成熟．但数字印刷油墨的高价位仍是制约数字印刷发展的瓶颈。
数字印刷成像原理
要谈数字印刷油墨，必然要谈到数字印刷机，因为不同厂家推出的数字印刷机成像原理不同，对所用数字印刷油墨的组成性能、性状的要求也不同。目前使用的数字ElSiJ设备的成像原理可以分为六大类。
1．电子照相
又称静电成像，是利用激光扫描方法在光导体上形成静电潜影再利用带电色粉与静电潜影的电荷作用，将色粉影像转移到承印物上完成印刷。
2．喷射成像
油墨以一定的速度从微细喷嘴有选择性地喷射到承印物上实现油墨影像再现。喷墨印刷分为连续喷墨印刷和按需喷墨印刷。连续喷墨系统是利用压力使墨水通过细孔形成连续墨流．高速下墨流变成细小液滴之后使液滴带电．带电的墨滴可在电荷板控制下喷射到承印物表面需要的位置而形成打印图文。墨滴偏移量和承印物上墨点位置由墨滴离开细孔时的带电量决定。
按需喷墨与连续喷墨的不同在于作用于储墨盒的压力不是连续的．而是受成像数字信号的控制，需要时才有压力作用而喷射。按需喷墨由于没有墨滴偏移，可省去墨槽和循环系统，喷墨头结构相对简化。
3．电凝聚成像
电凝聚成像是通过电极之间的电化学反应导致油墨发生凝聚．并固着在成像滚筒表面形成图像．没有发生电化学反应的空白区域的油墨仍然保持液态可通过刮板刮除，而滚筒表面由固着油墨形成的图文通过压力即可转移到承印物上，完成印刷。电凝聚数字印刷机的代表机型是EIcorsy公司的产品．分辨力为400dpi。
4．磁记录成像
磁记录成像是依靠磁性材料的磁子在外磁场作用下定向排列形成磁性潜影．再利用磁性色粉与磁性潜影在磁场力下相互作用完成显影．以磁性色粉转移到承印物上形成图像。这种方法一般只用于黑白印刷。
5．静电成像
静电成像是应用最广的数字印刷成像技术．它是利用激光扫描法在光导体上形成静电潜影．利用带电色粉与静电潜影间的电荷作用形成潜影，转移到承印物上即完成印刷。以显影方式不同分为两种一种是采用电子油墨显影．分辨力达800dpi，以HPInd{go为代表。另一种是采用干式色粉显影，分辨力为600dpiXeikon，Xerox、Agfa、CanonKodak、ManRoIand和IBM等的数字印刷机都采用此方法。
6．热成像
热成像是以材料加热后物理性能的改变在介质上成像的．分为直接热成像和热转移成像。直接热成像是使用经专门处理的带有特殊涂层的承印材料，加热后涂层发生颜色转变。热转移成像的油墨涂布于色带上．对色膜或色带加热即转移到承印材料上，成像质量可达照片级。
数字印刷油墨
1．干粉数字印刷油墨
干粉数字印刷油墨由颜料粒子助于电荷形成的颗粒荷电剂与可熔性树脂混合而形成的干粉状油墨。带有负电荷的墨粉被曝光部分吸附形成图像转印到纸上的墨粉图像经加热后墨粉中树脂熔化，固着于承印物上形成图像。
2．液态数字印刷油墨
液态数字印刷油墨常用于喷墨印刷，油墨种类与喷墨头结构有关。喷墨头可分热压式及压电式两大类，而压电式有高精度和低精度2种．EPS0N的喷头属于高精度喷头Xaar及Spectra的喷头属于低精度喷头．高精度喷头多采用水性染料或颜料油墨．后者以采用溶剂型颜料油墨居多。
与传统油墨不同的是．电子液体油墨在介质上的固化不依赖于墨膜干燥时间．而是遇到高温(130。C)橡皮布立即固化在橡皮布上．橡皮布上的油墨图文再100％地转印到纸或其他介质上。另一方面．电子液体油墨的基本材料是新型树脂材料，它的微观形状为多边形．在压力作用下不像传统油墨容易扩散，而是结合紧密与纸张或其他介质接触后立即固化使印刷图像更加清晰网点边缘稍有虚化及扩散。
电子液体油墨分为水性油墨和油性(溶剂型)油墨。水性油墨由溶剂、着色剂、表面活性剂pH调节剂、催干剂及必要的添加组成对于热压式喷墨印刷系统来说，只能选用水性油墨。按需喷墨印刷油墨通常也是基于水性的油墨。油性(溶剂型)油墨由着色剂溶剂，分散3,J~n其他调节剂组成。
3．固态数字印刷油墨
固态数字印刷油墨主要应用于喷墨印刷其在常态下呈固态印刷时油墨加热，黏度减小后而喷射到承印物表面上。固态数字印刷油墨由着色剂、荷粒电荷剂、黏度控制剂和载体等成分组成。
4．电子油墨
电子油墨是用于印刷涂布在特殊片基材料上作为显示器的一种特殊油墨，由微胶囊包裹而成其直径在纳米级。微胶囊内有许多带正电的白色粒子和带负电的黑色粒子，且分布在微胶囊内透明液体中。当微胶囊充正电时．带正电的微粒子聚集在朝向观察者一面．而显示为白色，充负电时．带负电的黑色粒子聚集在观察者一面．而显示黑色。粒子的位置及显示的颜色由电场控制，控制电场由高分辨力的显示阵列底板产生。
5．UV／EB油墨
所谓UV／EB油墨就是利用紫外光固化或电子束能量固化的油墨，uv／EB油墨类辐射固化油墨在喷墨印刷中的应用日益广泛。UV油墨在数字印刷中的最大特点是稳定性好，只在uV光照下固化的优势可以有效避免打印头堵塞．延长打印头的实际使用寿命。但不足之处是．采用uv／EB油墨打印将导致印刷速度降低．比如说油墨供应环节的限制以及大量油墨通过打印头的速度等。目前，Xennla的新型XenJetVivide系列CMYK颜料型uV固化油墨已经通过了Xaar公司的认证．并将这种新油墨用在Omnidot760打印头上。
现在，世界范围内数字印刷油墨的研究正方兴未艾，各数字印刷机生产厂家如Canon、HewIettPackard、EPSONScitexXeikon、HPIndigo等都根据自己数字印刷机的特性而研究开发出适应其系统特性的数字印刷油墨。另外，全球其他著名的油墨制造商．如DIC、太阳化学、富林特、SakataInxCorp等公司也都开始涉足数字印刷油墨的开发与生产。相信随着数字印刷机的普遍使用，对数字印刷油墨的研究开发将更加深入．新的数字印刷5a墨会不断出现。
Discussed digital printer and the numeral printing ink type along with printing digitization step quickening, the numeral prints cTP and so on the new technology to be like a raging fire. Already becomes prints the irreversible mainstream development technology now. The digital printing printability also has the obvious difference with traditional printing. To the printing equipment printing material, the printing technology set the new request. In order to achieve the good print quality and the high velocity proction. The digital printing material, in particular the numeral printing ink research and the development appears importantly. After several years development, the numeral printing ink technology Zhen will be later day mature. But the numeral printing ink high price still was restricts the digital printing development the bottleneck
The digital printing image formation principle needs to discuss the numeral printing ink, must talk about the digital printer inevitably, because the different factory promotes the digital printer image formation principle is different, to uses the numeral printing ink the composition performance, the character request to be also different. At present uses the digital ElSiJ equipment image formation principle may divide into six big kinds �? 201. electrons according to �? 20 called the static electricity image formation, is uses the laser scan method to form the static electricity on the photoconctor to dive the shade to use the charged color powder and the static electricity again dives the shade electric charge function, shifts the color powder phantom to accepts for printing in the thing to complete printing �? 202. sprays Cheng �? 20 printing ink have by certain speed from the tiny spray nozzle selectively spray to accept for printing in the thing to realize the printing ink phantom reappearance. Spurts ink printing to divide into continuously spurts ink printing and according to must spurt ink printing. Spurts the ink system is continuously causes the ink using the pressure to form the continual ink class through the pore. After the high speed under ink changes the tiny bubble causes the bubble charged. The charged ink drop may spray under the electric charge board control to accepts for printing the position which the surface needs to form the printing chart article. The ink drop displacement quantity and accepts for printing an inking position leaves when the pore by the ink drop the charged quantity decisionAccording to must spurt the ink with to spurt the ink differently to lie in affects Yu the Chu ink the pressure is not continuously continual. When is the image formation digital signal control, the need only then has the pressure to affect sprays. According to must spurt the ink because does not have the ink drop displacement, may omit the ink trough and the circulatory system, spurts the ink structure relative simplification �? 203. electricity condensation image formation electricity condensation image formation is through the electrode between electrochemistry responded causes the printing ink to have the condensation. And adheres firmly in the image formation drum surface forms the image. Has not had the blank region printing ink which the electrochemistry responded still to maintain the liquid state to be possible through the scraper to blow except, but the drum surface from adheres firmly the chart article which the printing ink forms then to shift through the pressure to accepts for printing in the thing, completes printing. Electricity condensation numeral printer representative the type is the EIcorsy Corporation's proct. The resolving power is 400dpi�? 204. magnetic recording image formation magnetic recording image formation is depends upon the magnetic material the magneton the directional arrangement to form magnetism under the outside magnetic field function to dive the shade. Again dives the shade using magnetism sex-linked colors powder and magnetism to affect mutually under the magnetic field strength completes the development. Shifts by magnetism sex-linked colors powder to accepts for printing in the thing to form the image. This method only uses in black and white printing generally5. static electricity Cheng �? 20 static electricity image formations apply the broadest digital printing image formation technology. It is uses the laser scanning method to form the static electricity on the photoconctor to dive the shade. Uses the charged color powder and the static electricity dives the shade electric charge function to form dives the shade, shifts to accepts for printing in the thing namely to complete printing. Develops the way differently to divide into two kinds of one kind uses the electronic printing ink development. Resolving power �? 00dpi, take HPInd {go as representative. Another kind is uses the dry color powder development, the resolving power �? 00dpiXeikon, Xerox, Agfa, CanonKodak, ManRoIand and IBM and so on the digital printer all uses this method �? 206. thermal imagery thermal imageries are after the material heating the physical performance change on the medium the image formation. Divides into the direct thermal imagery and the hot shift image formation. The direct thermal imagery is the use after processes specially has the special coating to accept for printing the material, after the heating the coating has the color transformation. The hot shift image formation printing ink spreads the cloth on the inked ribbon. Namely shifts to the color membrane or the inked ribbon heating to accepts for printing on the material, the image formation quality may reach the picture levelNumeral printing ink 1. dried noodles numeral off-set oil �? Does the powdery printing ink which 20 dried noodles numeral printing ink helps by the pigment granule which forms in the electric charge the pellet electrically charged medicinal preparation and the fusibility resin mix forms. Has the negative charge toner to expose the part adsorption to form the image to transfer in the toner the resin to melt India's to paper on toner image after the heating, adheres firmly in accepts for printing in the thing to form the image �? 202. liquid state numeral off-set oil �? 20 liquid state numeral printing ink commonly used Yu Penmo prints, the printing ink type with spurts an ink structure to concern. Spurts the ink separable thermo-compression type and the piezoelectricity type two big kinds, but the piezoelectricity type has the high accuracy and the low accuracy 2 kind of .EPS0N nozzle belongs to high accuracy nozzle Xaar and the Spectra nozzle belongs to the low accuracy nozzle. The high accuracy nozzle uses the river character dye or the pigment printing ink. The latter uses the solvent pigment printing ink majority 不好意思 ，没有完整的给你 你按照我给的网址自己找你需要的
C. 学校建筑O和L开头的英文
同学你问题太不好理解了吧= =
英语建筑专业词汇
LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯
Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石
原始资料 original data
起居室 living room
浴室 bathroom
电梯机房 lift motor room
化验室 laboratory room
二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic
挑檐 overhanging eave
找平层 leveling course
找平层 leveling course
有机玻璃 organic glass
平台 landing (platform)
观光电梯 observation elevator
电梯机房 lift mortar room
电梯坑 lift pit
电梯井道 lift shaft
轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete
板条抹灰 lath and plaster
原木 log
板条 lath
栎木 oak
层夹板 laminated plank
工字钢 I-beam
铅 lead
Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料
聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene
尼龙 nylon
聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate
聚苯乙烯 polystyrene
丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin
乙烯基酯 vinyl ester
橡胶内衬 rubber lining
氯丁橡胶 neoprene
沥青漆 bitumen paint
环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint
氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer
防锈漆 anti-rust paint
耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint
耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint
水玻璃 sodium silicate
树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar
环氧树脂 epoxy resin
Building Hardware 建筑五金
钉子 nails
螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail
环纹石膏板钉 annular-ring gypsum board nail
螺丝 screws
平头螺丝 flat-head screw
螺栓 bolt
普通螺栓 commercial bolt
高强螺栓 high strength bolt
预埋螺栓 insert bolt
胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt
垫片 washer
Paint 油漆
铅油 lead oil
腻子 putty
k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语
Discipline 专业
建筑 architecture
土木 civil
给排水 water supply and drainage
总图 plot plan
采暖通风 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)
电力供应 electric power supply
电气照明 electric lighting
电讯 telecommunication
仪表 instrument
热力供应 heat power supply
动力 mechanical power
工艺 process technology
管道 piping
Conventional Terms 一般通用名词
建筑原理 architectonics
建筑形式 architectural style
民用建筑 civil architecture
城市建筑 urban architecture
农村建筑 rural architecture
农业建筑 farm building
工业建筑 instrial building
重工业的 heavy instrial
轻工业的 light instrial
古代建筑 ancient architecture
现代建筑 modern architecture
标准化建筑 standardized buildings
附属建筑 auxiliary buildings
城市规划 city planning
厂区内 within site
厂区外 offsite
封闭式 closed type
开敞式 open type
半开敞式 semi-open type
模数制 molar system
单位造价 unit cost
概算 preliminary estimate
承包商 constructor, contractor
现场 site
扩建 extension
改建 reconstruction
防火 fire-prevention
防震 aseismatic, quake-proof
防腐 anti-corrosion
防潮 mp-proof
防水 water-proof
防尘 st-proof
防锈 rust-proof
车流量 traffic volume
货流量 freight traffic volume
人流量 pedestrian volume
透视图 perspective drawing
建筑模型 building model
Architectural Physics 建筑物理
照明 illumination
照度 degree of illumination
亮度 brightness
日照 sunshine
天然采光 natural lighting
光强 light intensity
侧光 side light
顶光 top light
眩光 glaze
方位角 azimuth
辐射 radiation
对流 convection
传导 conction
遮阳 sun-shade
保温 thermal insulation
恒温 constant temperature
恒湿 constant humidity
噪音 noise
隔音 sound-proof
吸音 sound absorption
露点 dew point
隔汽 vapor-proof
Name Of Professional role 职务名称
项目经理 project manager (PM)
设计经理 design manager
首席建筑师 principal architect
总工程师 chief engineer
土木工程师 civil engineer
工艺工程师 process engineer
电气工程师 electrical engineer
机械工程师 mechanical engineer
计划工程师 planning engineer
助理工程师 assistant engineer
实习生 probationer
专家 specialist, expert
制图员 draftsman
技术员 technician
Drafting 制图
总说明 general specification
工程说明 project specification
采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted
图纸目录 list of drawings
平面图 plan
局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale
．．．平面示意图 schematic plan of...
．．．平剖面图 sectional plan of...
留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes
剖面 section
纵剖面 longitudinal section
横剖面 cross (transverse) section
立面 elevation
正立面 front elevation
透视图 perspective drawing
侧立面 side elevation
背立面 back elevation
详图 detail drawings
典型节点 typical detail
节点号 detail No.
首页 front page
图纸目录及说明 list of contents and description
图例 legend
示意图 diagram
草图 sketch
荷载简图 load diagram
流程示意图 flow diagram
标准图 standard drawing
．．．布置图 layout of ...
地形图 topographical map
土方工程图 earth-work drawing
展开图 developed drawing
模板图 formwork drawing
配筋 arrangement of reinforcement
表格 tables
工程进度表 working schele
技术经济指标 technical and economical index
建、构筑物一览表 list of buildings and structures
编号 coding
序列号 serial No.
行和栏 rows and columns
备注 remarks
等级 grade
直线 straight Line
曲线 curves
曲折线 zigzag line
虚线 dotted line
实线 solid line
影线 hatching line
点划线 dot and dash line
轴线 axis
等高线 contour Line
中心线 center Line
双曲线 hyperbola
抛物线 parabola
切线 tangent Line
尺寸线 dimension Line
园形 round
环形 annular
方形 square
矩形 rectangle
平行四边形 parallelogram
三角形 triangle
五角形 pentagon
六角形 hexagon
八角形 octagon
梯形 trapezoid
圆圈 circle
弓形 sagment
扇形 sector
球形的 spherical
抛物面 paraboloid
圆锥形 cone
椭圆形 ellipse, oblong
面积 area
体积 volume
容量 capacity
重量 weight
质量 mass
力 force
米 meter
厘米 centimeter
毫米 millimeter
公顷 hectate
牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter
千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter
英尺 foot
英寸 inch
磅 pound
吨 ton
加仑 gallon
千磅 kip
平均尺寸 average dimension
变尺寸 variable dimension
外形尺寸 overall dimension
展开尺寸 developed dimension
内径 inside diameter
外径 outside diameter
净重 net weight
毛重 gross weight
数量 quantity
百分比 percentage
净空 clearance
净高 headroom
净距 clear distance
净跨 clear span
截面尺寸 sectional dimension
开间 bay
进深 depth
单跨 single span
双跨 double span
多跨 multi-span
标高 elevation, level
绝对标高 absolute elevation
设计标高 designed elevation
室外地面标高 ground elevation
室内地面标高 floor elevation
柱网 column grid
坐标 coordinate
厂区占地 site area
使用面积 usable area
辅助面积 service area
通道面积 passage area
管架 pipe rack
管廊 pipeline gallery
架空管线 overhead pipeline
排水沟 drain ditch
集水坑 sump pit
喷泉 fountain
地漏 floor drain
消火栓 fire hydrant
灭火器 fire extinguisher
二氧化碳灭火器 carbon dioxide extinguisher
卤代烷灭火器 halon extinguisher
D. 高分！介绍下喷墨数字印刷的概念、种类、发展状况、发展历史、价格、比较最好有实地调查
谈数字印刷机及数字印刷油墨的种类
随着印刷数字化步伐的加快，数字印刷cTP等新技术如火如荼．已经成为当今印刷不可逆转的主流发展技术。数字印刷的印刷适性也与传统印刷有明显的不同．对印刷设备印刷材料，印刷技术提出了新的要求．为了达到良好的印刷质量和高速度生产．数字印刷材料，尤其是数字印刷油墨的研究和开发显得更为重要。经过几年的发展，数字印刷油墨技术已日甄成熟．但数字印刷油墨的高价位仍是制约数字印刷发展的瓶颈。
数字印刷成像原理
要谈数字印刷油墨，必然要谈到数字印刷机，因为不同厂家推出的数字印刷机成像原理不同，对所用数字印刷油墨的组成性能、性状的要求也不同。目前使用的数字ElSiJ设备的成像原理可以分为六大类。
1．电子照相
又称静电成像，是利用激光扫描方法在光导体上形成静电潜影再利用带电色粉与静电潜影的电荷作用，将色粉影像转移到承印物上完成印刷。
2．喷射成像
油墨以一定的速度从微细喷嘴有选择性地喷射到承印物上实现油墨影像再现。喷墨印刷分为连续喷墨印刷和按需喷墨印刷。连续喷墨系统是利用压力使墨水通过细孔形成连续墨流．高速下墨流变成细小液滴之后使液滴带电．带电的墨滴可在电荷板控制下喷射到承印物表面需要的位置而形成打印图文。墨滴偏移量和承印物上墨点位置由墨滴离开细孔时的带电量决定。
按需喷墨与连续喷墨的不同在于作用于储墨盒的压力不是连续的．而是受成像数字信号的控制，需要时才有压力作用而喷射。按需喷墨由于没有墨滴偏移，可省去墨槽和循环系统，喷墨头结构相对简化。
3．电凝聚成像
电凝聚成像是通过电极之间的电化学反应导致油墨发生凝聚．并固着在成像滚筒表面形成图像．没有发生电化学反应的空白区域的油墨仍然保持液态可通过刮板刮除，而滚筒表面由固着油墨形成的图文通过压力即可转移到承印物上，完成印刷。电凝聚数字印刷机的代表机型是EIcorsy公司的产品．分辨力为400dpi。
4．磁记录成像
磁记录成像是依靠磁性材料的磁子在外磁场作用下定向排列形成磁性潜影．再利用磁性色粉与磁性潜影在磁场力下相互作用完成显影．以磁性色粉转移到承印物上形成图像。这种方法一般只用于黑白印刷。
5．静电成像
静电成像是应用最广的数字印刷成像技术．它是利用激光扫描法在光导体上形成静电潜影．利用带电色粉与静电潜影间的电荷作用形成潜影，转移到承印物上即完成印刷。以显影方式不同分为两种一种是采用电子油墨显影．分辨力达800dpi，以HPInd{go为代表。另一种是采用干式色粉显影，分辨力为600dpiXeikon，Xerox、Agfa、CanonKodak、ManRoIand和IBM等的数字印刷机都采用此方法。
6．热成像
热成像是以材料加热后物理性能的改变在介质上成像的．分为直接热成像和热转移成像。直接热成像是使用经专门处理的带有特殊涂层的承印材料，加热后涂层发生颜色转变。热转移成像的油墨涂布于色带上．对色膜或色带加热即转移到承印材料上，成像质量可达照片级。
数字印刷油墨
1．干粉数字印刷油墨
干粉数字印刷油墨由颜料粒子助于电荷形成的颗粒荷电剂与可熔性树脂混合而形成的干粉状油墨。带有负电荷的墨粉被曝光部分吸附形成图像转印到纸上的墨粉图像经加热后墨粉中树脂熔化，固着于承印物上形成图像。
2．液态数字印刷油墨
液态数字印刷油墨常用于喷墨印刷，油墨种类与喷墨头结构有关。喷墨头可分热压式及压电式两大类，而压电式有高精度和低精度2种．EPS0N的喷头属于高精度喷头Xaar及Spectra的喷头属于低精度喷头．高精度喷头多采用水性染料或颜料油墨．后者以采用溶剂型颜料油墨居多。
与传统油墨不同的是．电子液体油墨在介质上的固化不依赖于墨膜干燥时间．而是遇到高温(130。C)橡皮布立即固化在橡皮布上．橡皮布上的油墨图文再100％地转印到纸或其他介质上。另一方面．电子液体油墨的基本材料是新型树脂材料，它的微观形状为多边形．在压力作用下不像传统油墨容易扩散，而是结合紧密与纸张或其他介质接触后立即固化使印刷图像更加清晰网点边缘稍有虚化及扩散。
电子液体油墨分为水性油墨和油性(溶剂型)油墨。水性油墨由溶剂、着色剂、表面活性剂pH调节剂、催干剂及必要的添加组成对于热压式喷墨印刷系统来说，只能选用水性油墨。按需喷墨印刷油墨通常也是基于水性的油墨。油性(溶剂型)油墨由着色剂溶剂，分散3,J~n其他调节剂组成。
3．固态数字印刷油墨
固态数字印刷油墨主要应用于喷墨印刷其在常态下呈固态印刷时油墨加热，黏度减小后而喷射到承印物表面上。固态数字印刷油墨由着色剂、荷粒电荷剂、黏度控制剂和载体等成分组成。
4．电子油墨
电子油墨是用于印刷涂布在特殊片基材料上作为显示器的一种特殊油墨，由微胶囊包裹而成其直径在纳米级。微胶囊内有许多带正电的白色粒子和带负电的黑色粒子，且分布在微胶囊内透明液体中。当微胶囊充正电时．带正电的微粒子聚集在朝向观察者一面．而显示为白色，充负电时．带负电的黑色粒子聚集在观察者一面．而显示黑色。粒子的位置及显示的颜色由电场控制，控制电场由高分辨力的显示阵列底板产生。
5．UV／EB油墨
所谓UV／EB油墨就是利用紫外光固化或电子束能量固化的油墨，uv／EB油墨类辐射固化油墨在喷墨印刷中的应用日益广泛。UV油墨在数字印刷中的最大特点是稳定性好，只在uV光照下固化的优势可以有效避免打印头堵塞．延长打印头的实际使用寿命。但不足之处是．采用uv／EB油墨打印将导致印刷速度降低．比如说油墨供应环节的限制以及大量油墨通过打印头的速度等。目前，Xennla的新型XenJetVivide系列CMYK颜料型uV固化油墨已经通过了Xaar公司的认证．并将这种新油墨用在Omnidot760打印头上。
现在，世界范围内数字印刷油墨的研究正方兴未艾，各数字印刷机生产厂家如Canon、HewIettPackard、EPSONScitexXeikon、HPIndigo等都根据自己数字印刷机的特性而研究开发出适应其系统特性的数字印刷油墨。另外，全球其他著名的油墨制造商．如DIC、太阳化学、富林特、SakataInxCorp等公司也都开始涉足数字印刷油墨的开发与生产。相信随着数字印刷机的普遍使用，对数字印刷油墨的研究开发将更加深入．新的数字印刷5a墨会不断出现。
Discussed digital printer and the numeral printing ink type along with printing digitization step quickening, the numeral prints cTP and so on the new technology to be like a raging fire. Already becomes prints the irreversible mainstream development technology now. The digital printing printability also has the obvious difference with traditional printing. To the printing equipment printing material, the printing technology set the new request. In order to achieve the good print quality and the high velocity proction. The digital printing material, in particular the numeral printing ink research and the development appears importantly. After several years development, the numeral printing ink technology Zhen will be later day mature. But the numeral printing ink high price still was restricts the digital printing development the bottleneck
The digital printing image formation principle needs to discuss the numeral printing ink, must talk about the digital printer inevitably, because the different factory promotes the digital printer image formation principle is different, to uses the numeral printing ink the composition performance, the character request to be also different. At present uses the digital ElSiJ equipment image formation principle may divide into six big kinds �? 201. electrons according to �? 20 called the static electricity image formation, is uses the laser scan method to form the static electricity on the photoconctor to dive the shade to use the charged color powder and the static electricity again dives the shade electric charge function, shifts the color powder phantom to accepts for printing in the thing to complete printing �? 202. sprays Cheng �? 20 printing ink have by certain speed from the tiny spray nozzle selectively spray to accept for printing in the thing to realize the printing ink phantom reappearance. Spurts ink printing to divide into continuously spurts ink printing and according to must spurt ink printing. Spurts the ink system is continuously causes the ink using the pressure to form the continual ink class through the pore. After the high speed under ink changes the tiny bubble causes the bubble charged. The charged ink drop may spray under the electric charge board control to accepts for printing the position which the surface needs to form the printing chart article. The ink drop displacement quantity and accepts for printing an inking position leaves when the pore by the ink drop the charged quantity decisionAccording to must spurt the ink with to spurt the ink differently to lie in affects Yu the Chu ink the pressure is not continuously continual. When is the image formation digital signal control, the need only then has the pressure to affect sprays. According to must spurt the ink because does not have the ink drop displacement, may omit the ink trough and the circulatory system, spurts the ink structure relative simplification �? 203. electricity condensation image formation electricity condensation image formation is through the electrode between electrochemistry responded causes the printing ink to have the condensation. And adheres firmly in the image formation drum surface forms the image. Has not had the blank region printing ink which the electrochemistry responded still to maintain the liquid state to be possible through the scraper to blow except, but the drum surface from adheres firmly the chart article which the printing ink forms then to shift through the pressure to accepts for printing in the thing, completes printing. Electricity condensation numeral printer representative the type is the EIcorsy Corporation's proct. The resolving power is 400dpi�? 204. magnetic recording image formation magnetic recording image formation is depends upon the magnetic material the magneton the directional arrangement to form magnetism under the outside magnetic field function to dive the shade. Again dives the shade using magnetism sex-linked colors powder and magnetism to affect mutually under the magnetic field strength completes the development. Shifts by magnetism sex-linked colors powder to accepts for printing in the thing to form the image. This method only uses in black and white printing generally5. static electricity Cheng �? 20 static electricity image formations apply the broadest digital printing image formation technology. It is uses the laser scanning method to form the static electricity on the photoconctor to dive the shade. Uses the charged color powder and the static electricity dives the shade electric charge function to form dives the shade, shifts to accepts for printing in the thing namely to complete printing. Develops the way differently to divide into two kinds of one kind uses the electronic printing ink development. Resolving power �? 00dpi, take HPInd {go as representative. Another kind is uses the dry color powder development, the resolving power �? 00dpiXeikon, Xerox, Agfa, CanonKodak, ManRoIand and IBM and so on the digital printer all uses this method �? 206. thermal imagery thermal imageries are after the material heating the physical performance change on the medium the image formation. Divides into the direct thermal imagery and the hot shift image formation. The direct thermal imagery is the use after processes specially has the special coating to accept for printing the material, after the heating the coating has the color transformation. The hot shift image formation printing ink spreads the cloth on the inked ribbon. Namely shifts to the color membrane or the inked ribbon heating to accepts for printing on the material, the image formation quality may reach the picture levelNumeral printing ink 1. dried noodles numeral off-set oil �? Does the powdery printing ink which 20 dried noodles numeral printing ink helps by the pigment granule which forms in the electric charge the pellet electrically charged medicinal preparation and the fusibility resin mix forms. Has the negative charge toner to expose the part adsorption to form the image to transfer in the toner the resin to melt India's to paper on toner image after the heating, adheres firmly in accepts for printing in the thing to form the image �? 202. liquid state numeral off-set oil �? 20 liquid state numeral printing ink commonly used Yu Penmo prints, the printing ink type with spurts an ink structure to concern. Spurts the ink separable thermo-compression type and the piezoelectricity type two big kinds, but the piezoelectricity type has the high accuracy and the low accuracy 2 kind of .EPS0N nozzle belongs to high accuracy nozzle Xaar and the Spectra nozzle belongs to the low accuracy nozzle. The high accuracy nozzle uses the river character dye or the pigment printing ink. The latter uses the solvent pigment printing ink majority .
呵呵，希望有帮助！
E. 高手帮忙解释一下Sewing M/C是什么意思
颜色方面 增白： WHITE / SNOW WHITE 特黑： BLACK / JET BLACK 奶白： IVORY/ECRU/OFF WHITE/CREAM 大红： RED 紫红： BORDEAUX/WINE 紫色： BURGUNDY/PLUM/VIOLET/PURPLE 绿色： GREEN 灰色： GREY 玉色： OYSTER/PEACH 黄色： YELLOW 卡其： KAHKI 雪青： LILAC 古铜色： BROWN 梅红： FUSCHIA 墨绿： CHARCOAL 豆绿： OLIVE 藏青： NAVY/BLUE 天蓝： SKY BLUE 粉红： PINK 米色： BEIGE 橘黄： ORANGE 驼色： CAMEL 产品包装方面 卷杆： RILLING/WINDING 散装： LOOSE PACKING 编织袋： WEAVING BAG 纸箱： CARTON 木箱： WODEN CASE 中性包装： NEUTRAL PACKING 单幅卷杆： ROLLED ON TUBES IN OPEN WIDTH 双幅卷杆： DOUBLE FOLDED ON ROLLS 双幅折板： DOUBLE FOLDED ON BOARD 腰封： PAPER TAPES 纸管： TUBE 吊牌： LABLE / HANG TAG 唛头： SHIPPING MARK 船样： SHIPPING SAMPLE 塑料袋： POLY BAG 匹长： ROLL LENGTH 拼匹： ROLL WITH SEWING / ROLL WITH JOIN 拼箱： LCL 整箱： FCL 出口包装： EXPORT PACKING 产品检验及标准方面 质量标准： QUALITY STANDARD（OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100、ISO9002、SGS、ITS、AATCC、M&S） 客检： CUSTOMER INSPECTION 台板检验：TABLE INSPECTION 经向检验： LAMP INSPECTION 色牢度： COLOR FASTNESS 皂洗色牢度： WASHING COLOR FASTNESS 摩擦色牢度： RUBBING / CRICKING COLOR FASTNESS 光照色牢度： LIGHT COLOR FASTNESS 汗渍色牢度： PERSPIRATION COLOR FASTNESS 水渍色牢度： WATER COLOR FASTNESS 氯漂白色牢度： CHLORINE BLEACH COLOR FASTNESS 尺寸稳定性： DIMENSIONAL STABILITY 外观持久性： APPEARANCE RETENTION 拉伸强度： TENSILE STRENGTH 撕破强度： TEAR STRENGTH 接缝滑裂： SEAM SLIPPAGE 抗起毛起球性： PILLING RESISTANCE 耐磨性： ABRASION RESISTANCE 拒水性： WATER REPELLENCY 抗水性： WATER RESISTANCE 织物密度： THREAD PER INCH/STICH DENSITY 纱支： YARN COUNT 克重： WEIGHT 产品疵点方面 疵点： DEFECT/FAULT 经柳： STREAKY WARP 断经： BROKEN END 急经： RIGHT END 粗纬： COARSE PICKS 粗经： COARSE END 断纬： BROKEN PICKS 纬斜： SKEWING/SLOPE 横档： FILLING BAR 污迹： STAIN/DIRT 异型丝： GOAT/FOREING YARN 破洞： HOLE 色花： SHADE VARIATION/COLOR DIFFERENCE/COLOR DIVIATION 色柳： COLOR STRIPE 渗色： COLOR BLEEDING 褪色： COLOR FADING/DISCOLOR 擦伤： SCRATCH/BARASION/WINCH MARK 松板印： MOIRE EFFECTS 折痕： CREASE MARK 整理方面 染色前整理： PREMINARY FINISHE （PFP， PFD） 退浆： DESIZING 染色： DYEING 固色： COLOR FIXING 后整理： AFTER FINISH / AFTER TREATMENT 热定型： HEAT SETTING 树脂整理： RESIN FINISH 切割：CUT轧花： EMBOSSED/LOGOTYPE 涂层： COATING （ PVC、PU、PA） 涂白： WHITE PIGMENT 涂银： SILVER 烫金： GOLD PRINT 磨毛： BRUSHED 起皱： CRINKED/ CREPED 轧泡： BUBBLED 丝光： MERCERIZED 硬挺： STIFFENING 抗静电： ANTI-STATIC 抗起球： ANTI-PILLING 防羽绒： DOWN PROOF 防霉： ANTI-FUNGUS 免烫： WASH AND WEAR 砂洗： STONE WASHED 阻燃： FLAM RETARDANT 环保染色： AZO FREE / NO AZO 防水： W/P （ WATER SHRINKAGE ） 拒水： W/R （WATER REPELLENT ） 缩水： W/S （ WATER SHRINKAGE ） 印花： PRINTING 涂料印花： COAT PRINTING 拔染印花： DISCHARGE PRINTING 平网印花： PLATE SCREAM PRINTING 圆网印花： ROTARY SCREAM PRINTING 转移印花： TRANSFER PRINTING 烂花： BURN OUT 模版印花： BLOCK PRINTING 纸版印花： PAPER STENCIL 设备方面 麦克贝思电脑配色系统： MACBETH “ CLOR – EYE ” COMPUTER COLOR – MATCHING SYSTEM 电脑配液系统： “ RAPID – DOSER ” LABORTEX – LABORATORY DOSING SYSTEM VERIVIDE对色灯箱： VERIVIDE COLOR ASSESMENT CABINET 打样： LAB DIPS 大货生产： BULK PRODUCTION 精练机： DESIZING MACHINE 折幅机： CREASING MACHINE 卷染： JIG DYEING 溢流染色： JET OVERFLOW DYEING/BLEED DYEING 轧染： PAD DYEING 定型机： SET-STRECHING/STENTER FRAME 染料方面 碱性染料： BASIC DYES 酸性染料： ACID DYES 活性染料： REACTIVE DYES 分散染料： DISPERSE DYES 阳离子染料： CATION DYES 还原染料： VAT DYES 直接染料： DIRECT DYES 硫化染料： SULPHUR DYES 非偶氮染料： AZO FREE DYES 产品方面 里料： LINING 面料：FABRIC 平纹： TAFFETA 斜纹： TWILL 缎面： SATIN / CHARMEUSE 绡： LUSTRINE 提花： JACQUARD 烂花： BURNT-OUT 春亚纺：PONGEE 格子： CHECK 条子： STRIPE 双层： DOUBLE – LAYER 双色： TWO – TONE 花瑶： FAILLE 高士宝： KOSHIBO 雪纺： CHIFFON 乔其： GEORGETTE 塔丝隆： TASLON 弹力布： SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/LYCRA 牛仔布： JEANET 牛津布： OXFORD 帆布： CAMBRIC 涤棉：P/C 涤捻： T/R 白条纺： WHITE STRIPE 黑条纺： BLACK STRIPE 空齿纺： EMPTY STRIPE 水洗绒/桃皮绒： PEACH SKIN 卡丹绒： PEACH TWILL 绉绒： PEACH MOSS 玻璃纱： ORGANDY 原料方面 涤纶：PLOYESTER 锦纶：NYLON/POLYAMIDE 醋酸：ACETATE 棉； COTTON 人棉：RAYON 人丝：VISCOSE 仿真丝：IMITATED SILK FABRIC 真丝：SILK 氨纶：SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/LYCRA 长丝： FILAMENT 短纤： SPUN 黑丝：BLACK YARN 阳离子： CATION 三角异形丝： TRIANGLE PROFILE 空气变形丝：AIR-JET TEXTURING YARN 超细纤维： MICRO – FIBRIC 全拉伸丝： FDY （FULL DRAWN YARN） 预取向丝： POY（PREORIENTED YARN） 拉伸变形丝： DTY（DRAW TEXTURED YARN） 牵伸加捻丝： DT 看看上面这些对你有没有帮助我同学是从事服装这个行业的，我给她看了，不过也是不清楚是啥意思
F. 求片关于机械方面的英文论文，要有五千字以上，有中文翻译。
谈数字印刷机及数字印刷油墨的种类
随着印刷数字化步伐的加快，数字印刷cTP等新技术如火如荼．已经成为当今印刷不可逆转的主流发展技术。数字印刷的印刷适性也与传统印刷有明显的不同．对印刷设备印刷材料，印刷技术提出了新的要求．为了达到良好的印刷质量和高速度生产．数字印刷材料，尤其是数字印刷油墨的研究和开发显得更为重要。经过几年的发展，数字印刷油墨技术已日甄成熟．但数字印刷油墨的高价位仍是制约数字印刷发展的瓶颈。
数字印刷成像原理
要谈数字印刷油墨，必然要谈到数字印刷机，因为不同厂家推出的数字印刷机成像原理不同，对所用数字印刷油墨的组成性能、性状的要求也不同。目前使用的数字ElSiJ设备的成像原理可以分为六大类。
1．电子照相
又称静电成像，是利用激光扫描方法在光导体上形成静电潜影再利用带电色粉与静电潜影的电荷作用，将色粉影像转移到承印物上完成印刷。
2．喷射成像
油墨以一定的速度从微细喷嘴有选择性地喷射到承印物上实现油墨影像再现。喷墨印刷分为连续喷墨印刷和按需喷墨印刷。连续喷墨系统是利用压力使墨水通过细孔形成连续墨流．高速下墨流变成细小液滴之后使液滴带电．带电的墨滴可在电荷板控制下喷射到承印物表面需要的位置而形成打印图文。墨滴偏移量和承印物上墨点位置由墨滴离开细孔时的带电量决定。
按需喷墨与连续喷墨的不同在于作用于储墨盒的压力不是连续的．而是受成像数字信号的控制，需要时才有压力作用而喷射。按需喷墨由于没有墨滴偏移，可省去墨槽和循环系统，喷墨头结构相对简化。
3．电凝聚成像
电凝聚成像是通过电极之间的电化学反应导致油墨发生凝聚．并固着在成像滚筒表面形成图像．没有发生电化学反应的空白区域的油墨仍然保持液态可通过刮板刮除，而滚筒表面由固着油墨形成的图文通过压力即可转移到承印物上，完成印刷。电凝聚数字印刷机的代表机型是EIcorsy公司的产品．分辨力为400dpi。
4．磁记录成像
磁记录成像是依靠磁性材料的磁子在外磁场作用下定向排列形成磁性潜影．再利用磁性色粉与磁性潜影在磁场力下相互作用完成显影．以磁性色粉转移到承印物上形成图像。这种方法一般只用于黑白印刷。
5．静电成像
静电成像是应用最广的数字印刷成像技术．它是利用激光扫描法在光导体上形成静电潜影．利用带电色粉与静电潜影间的电荷作用形成潜影，转移到承印物上即完成印刷。以显影方式不同分为两种一种是采用电子油墨显影．分辨力达800dpi，以HPInd{go为代表。另一种是采用干式色粉显影，分辨力为600dpiXeikon，Xerox、Agfa、CanonKodak、ManRoIand和IBM等的数字印刷机都采用此方法。
6．热成像
热成像是以材料加热后物理性能的改变在介质上成像的．分为直接热成像和热转移成像。直接热成像是使用经专门处理的带有特殊涂层的承印材料，加热后涂层发生颜色转变。热转移成像的油墨涂布于色带上．对色膜或色带加热即转移到承印材料上，成像质量可达照片级。
数字印刷油墨
1．干粉数字印刷油墨
干粉数字印刷油墨由颜料粒子助于电荷形成的颗粒荷电剂与可熔性树脂混合而形成的干粉状油墨。带有负电荷的墨粉被曝光部分吸附形成图像转印到纸上的墨粉图像经加热后墨粉中树脂熔化，固着于承印物上形成图像。
2．液态数字印刷油墨
液态数字印刷油墨常用于喷墨印刷，油墨种类与喷墨头结构有关。喷墨头可分热压式及压电式两大类，而压电式有高精度和低精度2种．EPS0N的喷头属于高精度喷头Xaar及Spectra的喷头属于低精度喷头．高精度喷头多采用水性染料或颜料油墨．后者以采用溶剂型颜料油墨居多。
与传统油墨不同的是．电子液体油墨在介质上的固化不依赖于墨膜干燥时间．而是遇到高温(130。C)橡皮布立即固化在橡皮布上．橡皮布上的油墨图文再100％地转印到纸或其他介质上。另一方面．电子液体油墨的基本材料是新型树脂材料，它的微观形状为多边形．在压力作用下不像传统油墨容易扩散，而是结合紧密与纸张或其他介质接触后立即固化使印刷图像更加清晰网点边缘稍有虚化及扩散。
电子液体油墨分为水性油墨和油性(溶剂型)油墨。水性油墨由溶剂、着色剂、表面活性剂pH调节剂、催干剂及必要的添加组成对于热压式喷墨印刷系统来说，只能选用水性油墨。按需喷墨印刷油墨通常也是基于水性的油墨。油性(溶剂型)油墨由着色剂溶剂，分散3,J~n其他调节剂组成。
3．固态数字印刷油墨
固态数字印刷油墨主要应用于喷墨印刷其在常态下呈固态印刷时油墨加热，黏度减小后而喷射到承印物表面上。固态数字印刷油墨由着色剂、荷粒电荷剂、黏度控制剂和载体等成分组成。
4．电子油墨
电子油墨是用于印刷涂布在特殊片基材料上作为显示器的一种特殊油墨，由微胶囊包裹而成其直径在纳米级。微胶囊内有许多带正电的白色粒子和带负电的黑色粒子，且分布在微胶囊内透明液体中。当微胶囊充正电时．带正电的微粒子聚集在朝向观察者一面．而显示为白色，充负电时．带负电的黑色粒子聚集在观察者一面．而显示黑色。粒子的位置及显示的颜色由电场控制，控制电场由高分辨力的显示阵列底板产生。
5．UV／EB油墨
所谓UV／EB油墨就是利用紫外光固化或电子束能量固化的油墨，uv／EB油墨类辐射固化油墨在喷墨印刷中的应用日益广泛。UV油墨在数字印刷中的最大特点是稳定性好，只在uV光照下固化的优势可以有效避免打印头堵塞．延长打印头的实际使用寿命。但不足之处是．采用uv／EB油墨打印将导致印刷速度降低．比如说油墨供应环节的限制以及大量油墨通过打印头的速度等。目前，Xennla的新型XenJetVivide系列CMYK颜料型uV固化油墨已经通过了Xaar公司的认证．并将这种新油墨用在Omnidot760打印头上。
现在，世界范围内数字印刷油墨的研究正方兴未艾，各数字印刷机生产厂家如Canon、HewIettPackard、EPSONScitexXeikon、HPIndigo等都根据自己数字印刷机的特性而研究开发出适应其系统特性的数字印刷油墨。另外，全球其他著名的油墨制造商．如DIC、太阳化学、富林特、SakataInxCorp等公司也都开始涉足数字印刷油墨的开发与生产。相信随着数字印刷机的普遍使用，对数字印刷油墨的研究开发将更加深入．新的数字印刷5a墨会不断出现。
Discussed digital printer and the numeral printing ink type along with printing digitization step quickening, the numeral prints cTP and so on the new technology to be like a raging fire. Already becomes prints the irreversible mainstream development technology now. The digital printing printability also has the obvious difference with traditional printing. To the printing equipment printing material, the printing technology set the new request. In order to achieve the good print quality and the high velocity proction. The digital printing material, in particular the numeral printing ink research and the development appears importantly. After several years development, the numeral printing ink technology Zhen will be later day mature. But the numeral printing ink high price still was restricts the digital printing development the bottleneck
The digital printing image formation principle needs to discuss the numeral printing ink, must talk about the digital printer inevitably, because the different factory promotes the digital printer image formation principle is different, to uses the numeral printing ink the composition performance, the character request to be also different. At present uses the digital ElSiJ equipment image formation principle may divide into six big kinds �? 201. electrons according to �? 20 called the static electricity image formation, is uses the laser scan method to form the static electricity on the photoconctor to dive the shade to use the charged color powder and the static electricity again dives the shade electric charge function, shifts the color powder phantom to accepts for printing in the thing to complete printing �? 202. sprays Cheng �? 20 printing ink have by certain speed from the tiny spray nozzle selectively spray to accept for printing in the thing to realize the printing ink phantom reappearance. Spurts ink printing to divide into continuously spurts ink printing and according to must spurt ink printing. Spurts the ink system is continuously causes the ink using the pressure to form the continual ink class through the pore. After the high speed under ink changes the tiny bubble causes the bubble charged. The charged ink drop may spray under the electric charge board control to accepts for printing the position which the surface needs to form the printing chart article. The ink drop displacement quantity and accepts for printing an inking position leaves when the pore by the ink drop the charged quantity decisionAccording to must spurt the ink with to spurt the ink differently to lie in affects Yu the Chu ink the pressure is not continuously continual. When is the image formation digital signal control, the need only then has the pressure to affect sprays. According to must spurt the ink because does not have the ink drop displacement, may omit the ink trough and the circulatory system, spurts the ink structure relative simplification �? 203. electricity condensation image formation electricity condensation image formation is through the electrode between electrochemistry responded causes the printing ink to have the condensation. And adheres firmly in the image formation drum surface forms the image. Has not had the blank region printing ink which the electrochemistry responded still to maintain the liquid state to be possible through the scraper to blow except, but the drum surface from adheres firmly the chart article which the printing ink forms then to shift through the pressure to accepts for printing in the thing, completes printing. Electricity condensation numeral printer representative the type is the EIcorsy Corporation's proct. The resolving power is 400dpi�? 204. magnetic recording image formation magnetic recording image formation is depends upon the magnetic material the magneton the directional arrangement to form magnetism under the outside magnetic field function to dive the shade. Again dives the shade using magnetism sex-linked colors powder and magnetism to affect mutually under the magnetic field strength completes the development. Shifts by magnetism sex-linked colors powder to accepts for printing in the thing to form the image. This method only uses in black and white printing generally5. static electricity Cheng �? 20 static electricity image formations apply the broadest digital printing image formation technology. It is uses the laser scanning method to form the static electricity on the photoconctor to dive the shade. Uses the charged color powder and the static electricity dives the shade electric charge function to form dives the shade, shifts to accepts for printing in the thing namely to complete printing. Develops the way differently to divide into two kinds of one kind uses the electronic printing ink development. Resolving power �? 00dpi, take HPInd {go as representative. Another kind is uses the dry color powder development, the resolving power �? 00dpiXeikon, Xerox, Agfa, CanonKodak, ManRoIand and IBM and so on the digital printer all uses this method �? 206. thermal imagery thermal imageries are after the material heating the physical performance change on the medium the image formation. Divides into the direct thermal imagery and the hot shift image formation. The direct thermal imagery is the use after processes specially has the special coating to accept for printing the material, after the heating the coating has the color transformation. The hot shift image formation printing ink spreads the cloth on the inked ribbon. Namely shifts to the color membrane or the inked ribbon heating to accepts for printing on the material, the image formation quality may reach the picture levelNumeral printing ink 1. dried noodles numeral off-set oil �? Does the powdery printing ink which 20 dried noodles numeral printing ink helps by the pigment granule which forms in the electric charge the pellet electrically charged medicinal preparation and the fusibility resin mix forms. Has the negative charge toner to expose the part adsorption to form the image to transfer in the toner the resin to melt India's to paper on toner image after the heating, adheres firmly in accepts for printing in the thing to form the image �? 202. liquid state numeral off-set oil �? 20 liquid state numeral printing ink commonly used Yu Penmo prints, the printing ink type with spurts an ink structure to concern. Spurts the ink separable thermo-compression type and the piezoelectricity type two big kinds, but the piezoelectricity type has the high accuracy and the low accuracy 2 kind of .EPS0N nozzle belongs to high accuracy nozzle Xaar and the Spectra nozzle belongs to the low accuracy nozzle. The high accuracy nozzle uses the river character dye or the pigment printing ink. The latter uses the solvent pigment printing ink majority 不好意思 ，没有完整的给你 你按照我给的网址自己找你需要的
参考资料：佳工机电网 外语时空网
G. 高分：一种俗称北方“悠悠”（也有叫“天天”的）的植物的学名
应该是"天天儿"
学名是"龙葵"
葵
Herba Solani Nigri
(英)Black Nightshade Herb
别名 野茄、天茄子、酸浆草、天沦草。
来源 为茄科植物龙葵Solanumnigrum L.的地上部分。
植物形态 一年生草本，高30～60cm。茎直立，上部多分枝，稀被白色柔毛。叶互生，卵形，长2.5～10cm，宽1.5～5.5cm全缘或具波状齿，先端尖锐，基部楔形或渐狭至柄，叶柄长达2cm。花序短蝎尾状或近伞状，侧生或腋外生，有花4～10朵，花序梗长1～2.5cm；花细小，柄长约1cm，下垂；花萼杯头，绿色，5浅裂；花冠白色，辐射状，5裂，裂片卵状三角形，约3cm；雄蕊5，花药顶端孔裂；子房上位，卵形，花柱中部以下有白色绒毛。浆果球形，直径约8mm，熟时黑色。种子多数，近卵形，压扁状。花果期9～10月。
生于路旁或田野，分布于全国。
采制 夏、秋季采割，除去杂质，干燥。
化学成分 含龙葵碱（solanigrine）、澳茄胺（oslasodine）、龙葵定碱（solanigridine）、皂甙、维生素C、树脂。
性味 性寒，味苦、微甘；有小毒。
功能主治 清热解毒，利尿。用于疮痈肿毒、皮肤湿疹、小便不利、老年慢性气管炎、白带过头、前列腺炎、痢疾。
健康生活美容瘦身整形 中医 护肤汇花容（皮肤疾病）美发护发 时尚妆容减肥妙法 减肥知识塑身DIY从怀孕到分娩孕前 孕期 分娩婴幼儿 新生儿产后产后营养 产后瘦身心理 社交专题咨询案例 心理治疗心理测试 心理探究校园专题 职场专题婚恋家庭专题孕育避孕 流产 节育不孕不育 优生优育育儿百问养生保健四季保健 中医养生药膳食疗 健康美食保健常识运动健身四季健身 时尚健身瑜伽 健身操运动创伤女性健康服饰 内衣秀时尚 饰品 搭配 新装容颜 美发护发整形 中医 护肤 妆容情感婚恋 情色 感悟 心理品味读书 视觉 音乐 电影居家家居 理财 锦囊 搜店妇科课堂身体 生殖 乳房 月经解除痛经困扰妊娠与分娩 避孕与节育妇科常见病 妇科求医人物 访谈模特 代言人 明星设计师 经理人 创始人求医问药挂号 就诊 纠纷 化验百问 病例 名医 讲座疾病大全 疾病专题急救 护理 自测医药经济要闻 动态 环球 器械直销 营销 传媒 人物管理 物流 资本 股改评论 企业观察 行业分析药市 药市分析 原料药食品 保健品 化妆品招标采购 展会会议 专栏学术资源医学教育 英文版临床快报 医学论文在线期刊 在线报纸医学图库 医学视频试题库 幻灯库 法规库药学 校园动态新药橱窗 药学研究妙方精选 老药新用GAP研究实践中药大全 西药大全数据库法规标准 中国药典中药材 中药有效成分中药保护品种药品说明书药品不良反应
H. vita有什么产品呢
20年代
1924年于埃森创立公司。在此进行首批牙科产品的生产、销售。
30年代
个性化修复的首批VITA牙科陶瓷的研发、生产和销售。
鉴于LUMIN效应（日光的干扰和人造光源）的分析结果，VITA所作出的关于牙色领域的研究。
40年代
公司总部从埃森迁至Bad Säckingen，重新开始生产。
50年代
真空烧结LUMIN VACUUM人工牙、适用于瓷套冠技术的VITA LUMIN陶瓷的的研发、生产和销售。
VITA色彩的定位（LUMIN VACUUM—比色板）
60年代
VITA金属陶瓷（VMK）以及全瓷系统VITADUR的研发、生产和销售。
70年代
VITA VMK取得长期持续的发展，并且在世界范围内取得成功。
80年代
VITAPAN系统的引进和认可。
VITA In-ceram ALL-Ceramics的研发，旨在制作无金属基底修复体。
90年代
VITAPAN系统的系统发展，新型产品VITA OMEGA METAL CERAMIC金属陶瓷, VITADUR ALPHA 全瓷以及VITA ZETA 树脂贴面材料的研发。
新型比色板VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER的引进。
2003
首创VITA VM概念—适用于陶瓷和复合体材料的贴面理念。VITA VM包赢得了国际知名设计。
在IDS中展示电子比色仪VITA Easyshade。
2004
电子比色仪VITA Easyshade的引入。
2005
适用于inLab的预烧结渗透全瓷纯氧化铝瓷块VITAIn-ceram AL引入，可以满足全瓷冠和桥体的制作。
2006
推出VITA CAD-Waxx for inLab：该树脂瓷块燃烧后无残留可用于铸造。并能替代蜡型使用。
2007
推出新的VITA LINGOFORM 后牙，可用于所有的标准排牙（包括了舌侧集中合）
推出VITA Physiodens T6S, 前牙型号，特别适用于前牙宽度窄的患者。
推出"all-in-one"铸压全瓷VITA PM，用于氧化锆内冠，着色技术和化学结合
新的VITA VM 15 用于多种合金，加入到了VM系列
推出VITA VM CC，无残留自凝树脂，用于间接制作临时修复体。
VITA CAD-Temp 用于制作多单位全口，部分长桥临时修复体和单冠修复体
推出VITABLOCS TriLuxe forte，它独特加强的颈部效果是与VITABLOCS TriLuxe的主要区别
2008
推出VITA Linearguide，基于线性结构，能准确快速的确定真确的牙色，仅需2个步骤。
新一代的电子比色系统Easyshade:无线VITA Easyshade Compact比色仪几秒内实现准确比色
新的VITA VACUMAT "New Generation"烤瓷炉支持个性化配置方案，特别高效和经济。
推出VITA VMK Master，全新金属烤瓷系列的瓷粉，具有传统的CTE范围。这种材料具有优异的安全性能和美学效果。
I. light+shade是什么意思
light shade 英 [lait ʃeid] 美 [laɪt ʃed]
[释义] 不饱色，浅色;
全部释义>>
[例句]The results showed that polymerization in the deep of visible light cured composites was significantly affected by shade of resins.
结果表明，复合树脂深回层材料的聚合明显受答树脂颜色的影响。深色树脂与浅色树脂相比，其3mm厚样品底面的转化度和显微硬度都明显降低。