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关于味精废水处理的外文文献

发布时间:2022-05-20 20:48:38

❶ 味精外文文献记忆翻译

你的QQ??

❷ 我需要关于废水处理的外文文献 你有没有了啊

推荐到OA图书馆试试,
输入英文关键词即可。
有很多文献可免费下载。

❸ 急急急~~!求一篇环境工程的外文文献

UASB-SBR工艺处理高浓度有机废水,这个是中国的专利吧,貌似写以此有关的论文的人都是用中文。

❹ 求助:2篇环境工程 含有废水处理的 外文文献 最好是带中文翻译的!急急急 拜托大家了!

免费外文文献,可到OA图书馆查询。
输入英语关键词即可。

翻译估计得自己了。

❺ 求助!!生活污水处理的外文文献

Raw Influent (Sewage) is the liquid waste from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks etc. Household waste that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas sewage also includes some liquid waste from instry and commerce. In the UK, the waste from toilets is termed foul waste, the waste from items such as basins, baths, kitchens is termed sullage water, and the instrial and commercial waste is termed trade waste.

The division of household water drains into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and instrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby rece the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. In addition, heavy storms may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater.

The construction of combined sewers is a less common practice in the United States and Canada than in the past and is no longer accepted within building regulations in the UK and other European countries. Instead, liquid waste and stormwater are collected and conveyed in separate sewer systems, referred to as sanitary sewers and storm sewers in the U.S. and as foul sewers and surface water sewers in the UK. Overflows from foul sewers designed to relieve pressure from heavy rainfall are termed storm sewers or combined sewer overflows.

As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles, (sediment), heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).

The site where the process is concted is called a sewage treatment plant. The flow scheme of a sewage treatment plant is generally the same for all countries:

Mechanical treatment;
Influx (Influent)
Removal of large objects
Removal of sand and grit
Pre-precipitation
Biological treatment;
Oxidation bed (oxidizing bed) or aeration system
Post precipitation
Effluent
Chemical treatment (this step is usually combined with settling and other processes to remove solids, such as filtration. The combination is referred to in the US as physical-chemical treatment.).

希望我的回答能帮到你,祝你学习愉快,希望被采纳为最佳答案。(Hope my answer will be of help to you, wish you learning time, hope to be adopted as the best answer.)

❻ 污水处理的毕业设计外文参考文献都有什么

plc是用于系统控制,污水处理是项目,没有针对书籍。只有根据你项目所要达到的要求,用什么样的控制系统去解决,可以选,可以设计,没有统一的标准。

❼ 急求一篇关于涂装废水处理的英文文献及相应翻译,请帮忙!!!

典型汽车涂装废水处理工艺

摘 要:本文针对汽车涂装废水中含有树脂、表面活性剂、重金属离子,Oil、颜料等污染物,特别是其中的电泳废水、喷漆废水成份复杂,浓度高,可生化性差的实际情况,采用分质处理、混凝沉淀、混凝气浮、砂滤等工艺对涂装废水进行处理,取得了良好效果:CODCr去除率大于80%。实际运行表明,该工艺在技术和经济上均是合理可行的。

Treatment technics of representative coating wastewater of automobile manufacturing

Abstract:In this article, in allusion to the contamination of coating wastewater of automobile manufacturing which contains resin, surface active agent, heavy metal ion, oil, paint, dyestuff etc, especially the ELPO wastewater and painting wastewater which is complex, and has high concentration. we use separated pre-treatment, coagulating sedimentation, air flotation and sand filtration to treat coating wastewater and obtains good results: the removal rate of CODCr could be higher than 80%. The operate of the set proved that under this condition, it would be practicable both in technology and economy.

关键词:涂装废水;分质处理;混凝沉淀;混凝气浮;砂滤;Fenton试剂

Keywords:coating wastewater;separated pre-treatment;coagulating sedimentation;air flotation;sand filtration;Fenton reagent

http://203.208.33.132/search?q=cache:1mMFbNqlHpAJ:www1.eere.energy.gov/instry/chemicals/pdfs/ppgind.pdf+Treatment+Technology+for+WasteWater+from+Automobile+Painting&cd=10&hl=zh-CN&ct=clnk&gl=cn&st_usg=

翻译
汽车及其零部件的涂装是汽车制造过程中产生废水排放最多的环节之一。涂装废水含有树脂、表面活性剂、重金属离子,Oil、PO43-、油漆、颜料、有机溶剂等污染物,CODCr值高,若不妥善处理,会对环境产生严重污染。对此类废水,传统的方法是直接对混合废水进行混凝处理,治理效果不理想,出水水质不稳定,较难达到排放标准。特别是其中的喷漆废水,含大量溶于水的有机溶剂,直接采用混凝法处理效果很差。我们在上海某汽车厂经过实地勘查、大量分析调研和小试,针对涂装废水的特点,采用分质预处理再进行后续处理的二步处理的方法,并选择芬顿氧化—混凝沉淀,气浮物化工艺进行处理,达到了排放标准,CODCr去除率达到80%以上。

1废水的来源和主要污染物
1.1 涂装废水的来源及有害物质

涂装废水主要来自于预脱脂、脱脂、表调、磷化、钝化等车身前处理工序;阴极电泳工序和中涂、喷面漆工序。

废水中含有的主要有毒、有害物质如下:

涂装前处理:亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、乳化油、表面活性剂、Ni2+、Zn2+。

底涂:低溶剂阴极电泳漆膜、无铅阴极电泳漆膜、颜料、粉剂、环氧树脂、丁醇、乙二醇单丁醚、异丙醇、二甲基乙醇胺、聚丁二烯树脂、二甲基乙醇、油漆等。

中涂、面涂:二甲苯、香蕉水等有机溶剂、漆膜、颜料、粉剂。

1.2 废水水质、水量

本工程设计处理水量60m3/h。

油漆车间排放的废水分为间歇排放的废槽液和连续排放的清洗水。

间歇排放废水主要来源于前处理槽的倒槽废液、喷漆工段排放的废液等,废水浓度高,一次排放量大,水质如表1所示。

表1 间歇排放废水的水质













CODCr
mg/L
Oil
mg/L
PO43-
mg/L
Zn2+
mg/L
Ni2+
mg/L
Cd2+
mg/L
碳黑
mg/L
pH 其它
预脱脂槽、脱脂槽废槽液、后喷淋、浸渍槽废槽液 2500~
4000
300~
950
250~400 9.5~11
表调槽废槽液 15~30 8.5~10.5
磷化槽废槽液、后喷淋、浸渍槽废槽液 400~600 100~150 20~30 6
钝化槽废槽液、后喷淋、浸渍槽废槽液 50~100 1~3 4~5
电泳废槽液 3000~
20000
81 7~9
中涂、面漆喷漆室水槽废液 3000 5~6 漆渣

连续排放废水主要来自于前处理工序的后喷淋、浸渍槽的溢流废水等,相对间歇排放废水,其浓度低、总排放水量大,其水质如表2所示。

表2 连续排放废水的水质













CODCr
mg/L
Oil
mg/L
PO43-
mg/L
Zn2+
mg/L
Ni2+
mg/L
Cd2+
mg/L
碳黑
mg/L
pH
脱脂后冲洗废水 300 25 10~20 7~8
磷化后冲洗废水 20~30 12 8 6
钝化后冲洗废水 10~15 0.1 5~6
DI水喷淋槽喷淋废水 3900 1~3 4
循环去离子清洗废水 400 6
自泳后水洗溢流废水 100~1000 8 7~9

2.涂装废水处理工艺设计
汽车涂装废水处理工艺的关键之一在于合理的清浊分质。对部分难处理或影响后续处理的废水,根据其性质和排放规律,先进行间歇的预处理,再和其它废水集中连续处理,这样不仅可以取得较好的和稳定的处理效果,而且在经济上也合理可行。

2.1 涂装废水处理工艺流程

涂装废水处理工艺流程如图1所示。

图1某汽车厂涂装废水处理站处理流程

2.2 间歇预处理

2.2.1 脱脂废液
对脱脂废液采用酸化法进行破乳预处理,向脱脂废液中投加无机酸将pH调至2~3,使乳化剂中的高级脂肪酸皂析出脂肪酸,这些高级脂肪酸不溶于水而溶于油,从而使脱脂废液破乳析油。

另外,加酸后使脱脂废液中的阴离子表面活性剂在酸性溶液中易分解而失去稳定性,失去了原有的亲油和亲水的平衡,从而达到破乳。经预处理后CODCr从2500~4000mg/L降低到1500~2400mg/L,去除率在40%左右;而含油量从300~950 mg/L降至50~70 mg/L,去除率高达90%~95%。

2.2.2 电泳废液
在阴极电泳废水中含有大量高分子有机物,CODCr最高可达20000mg/L,还含大量电泳渣,这些物质在水中呈细小悬浮物或呈负电性的胶体状。处理中加入适当的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)作混凝剂,利用絮凝剂的吸附架桥作用来快速去除废水中的污染物。电泳废液在预处理时要求pH值在11~12之间,有较好的沉淀效果。反应后的出水CODCr在2000 mg/L左右。

2.2.3 喷漆废水
对喷漆废水先采用Fenton试剂(H2O2+FeSO4)对其进行预处理,使其中的有机物氧化分解,CODCr去除效率约在30%左右,再加入PAC和PAM对其进行混凝沉淀,经过此两步处理,CODCr的总去除率可达到60%~80%,由3000~20000mg/L降至1200~4000mg/L。出水排入混合废水调节池。

Fenton试剂具有很强的氧化能力,当pH值较低时(控制在3左右),H2O2被Fe2+催化分解生成羟基自由基(·OH),并引发更多的其他自由基,从而引发一系列的链反应[1]。通过具有极强的氧化能力的·OH与有机物的反应,使废水中的难降解有机物发生部分氧化、使废水中的有机物C—C键断裂,最终分解成H2O、CO2等,使CODCr降低。或者发生偶合或氧化,改变其电子云密度和结构,形成分子量不太大的中间产物,从而改变它们的溶解性和混凝沉淀性。同时,Fe2+被氧化生成Fe(OH)3在一定酸度下以胶体形态存在,具有凝聚、吸附性能,还可除去水中部分悬浮物和杂质。出水通过后续的混凝沉淀进一步去除污染物,以达到净化的目的[2]。

2.3 连续处理

经预处理的各类废水排入均和调节池中,与其它废水混合后进入连续处理流程。混合后的废水CODCr约为700~900mg/L。连续处理分为二级:混凝沉淀和混凝气浮。

在涂装废水中,油、高分子树脂(环氧树脂)、颜料(碳黑)、粉剂、磷酸盐等在表面活性剂、溶剂及各种助剂的作用下,以胶体的形式稳定地分散在水溶液中。可以靠投加化学药剂来破坏胶体的细微悬浮颗粒在水中形成的稳定体系,使其聚集成有明显沉淀性能的絮凝体,然后形成沉淀或浮渣加以除去[3]。

在废水中加入一定量的无机絮凝剂后,它们可中和乳化油或高分子树脂的电位,压缩双电层,胶粒碰撞促进凝集,完成脱稳过程,形成细小密实的絮凝物。这样可使涂装废水中的金属离子和磷酸根离子在碱性条件下生成的固体小颗粒形成沉淀物[4]。所以混凝处理可有效地去除汽车涂装废水中的油、高分子树脂、颜料和粉剂[5]。

重金属离子和磷酸盐中,由于Ni2+生成Ni(OH)2沉淀以及PO43-生成Ca3 (PO4) 2沉淀的最佳pH值是10以上;而Zn2+生成氢氧化物沉淀的最佳pH值范围是8.5~9.5,pH过高会形成ZnO22-而溶解。所以要分二级混凝反应以分别去除Ni2+,PO43-和Zn2+ 。同时,混凝反应后的固液分离分别采用的是斜板沉淀池和气浮池,这样既可以用斜板沉淀池来去除比重较大的重金属化合物沉淀,又可以用气浮池来去除比重较轻的有机物等。

2.3.1 混凝沉淀
第一级为混凝沉淀调节pH值为10~10.5。

反应槽采用推流式反应槽,分为三格。第一格加碱将pH调高至10~10.5,加入CaCl2,第二格加FeSO4,第三格加混凝剂PAM,反应后进入斜板沉淀池进行固液分离。三格停留时间分别为15min、15min、7.5min。斜板沉淀池表面负荷按2m3/m2·h设计。一级反应CODCr去除率为50%~60%。图2为一级反应槽示意图。

图2 一级反应槽示意图

2.3.2 混凝气浮
二级反应的反应槽,也采用推流式反应槽,分为三格。第一格加酸将pH回调至8.5~9,第二格加PAC,第三格加PAM,反应后进入气浮池进行固液分离。二级反应槽三格停留时间分别为10min、10min、5min。气浮池的溶气水按处理水量的30%设计。二级反应CODCr去除率为20%~25%,同时气浮也去除了Zn2+和一部分的表面活性剂。

2.4 深度处理

深度处理采用砂滤和活性炭过滤。从运行情况看,经砂滤后的出水即能达到排放标准(CODCr≤300mg/L)。砂滤装置的过滤速度控制在10~12m3/(m2·h)。反冲洗水由监测水箱中的水加压后提供,反冲洗强度控制在16~18L/(m2·s)。

砂滤后的出水已能达到排放要求,因此,活性炭过滤只是一个应急保证措施,一般情况下较少使用。

2.5 污泥处理

污泥处理的好坏,直接影响废水处理站的运行。由于污泥含油量高,直接进行压滤效果较差,在污泥浓缩槽中加入Ca(OH)2,pH调整至10左右,能达到较好的压滤效果。污泥含水率经板框压滤机后可由99%下降至75%~80%。

2.6 连续处理去除率分析

连续处理过程去除率如表3所示。

表3 连续处理效率

出水位置 CODCr去除率
斜板沉淀池出口 50%~60%
气浮池出口 20%~25%
砂滤出口 15%

3处理效果分析
该工程自2002年运行至今,处理效果稳定,表4为上海市环境监测中心2004年对该厂的监测分析报告数据汇总。监测时间为3天,每天取样12次(1小时取样一次,包括废水处理装置进口和出口)。

表4 废水处理设施总排口监测数据

监测
项目
废水处理装置进口* 废水处理装置出口 上海市《污水综合排放标准》(DB31/199–1997)
浓度最小值(mg/L) 浓度最大值(mg/L) 浓度平均值(mg/L) 浓度最小值(mg/L) 浓度最大值(mg/L) 浓度平均值(mg/L)
pH 6.94 8.96 8.32 7.57 8.85 7.8 6~9
CODCr 434 759 625 73 132 115.6 300 三级标准
SS 93 351 204 21 145 29 350 三级标准
BOD5 36 145 87 4 83 16.9 150 三级标准
Oil 2.6 11.5 5.1 0.1 0.9 0.6 10 二级标准
Zn2+** - - - 0.02 1.6 0.09 4.0 二级标准
Mn2+** - - - 0.05 0.26 0.16 5.0 二级标准
Ni2+** - - - ND 0.18 0.09 1.0 第一类污染物排放标准
苯 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 二级标准
甲苯 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 二级标准
二甲苯 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.6 二级标准

*废水处理装置进口指连续处理装置进口。

** Zn2+、Mn2+、Ni2+本次监测未分析,表中所列为该厂废水处理站日常分析数据。

由上表可以看出,经处理后的废水以上海市《污水综合排放标准》(DB31/199—1997)进行评价,其中CODCr、BOD5、SS按三级标准评价(废水处理后排入安亭水质净化厂),其余采用二级标准及第一类污染物最高允许排放浓度,均能达到工程设计指标。

目前,处理装置运行稳定,出水均能达标。

4.技术经济分析
工程造价和运行费用是人们在选用处理方法时所必须考虑和关心的问题。本工程采用分质处理后,与一般的集中物化处理比较,节省了加药量,污泥产量也有所减少,在一定程度上减少了运行费用,更重要的是保证了出水水质的稳定达标。本项目的技术经济指标见表5。

表5 本处理工程技术经济指标

总投资/万元 单位体积污水投资/万元 年运行费用/万元 单位体积污水处理费/元/m3
800 1.11 30 1.67

*年工作日按250天计,日处理水量为720 m3。

5.结论
1、本工程采用分质处理、混凝沉淀、混凝气浮、砂滤等工艺对汽车涂装废水进行处理在技术和经济上是合理可行的。实际运行结果证明,此工艺对重金属、SS、Oil的去除效率超过90%,对CODCr的去除率大于80%。

2、汽车涂装废水水量和水质变化大,要特别的重视废水水量、水质均衡和分质预处理。根据工程实践证明,对脱脂废液,电泳废水、废液和喷漆废水这三股废水分别进行间歇预处理,这不仅有利于后续处理效率的提高,体现出技术和经济的统一,而且对整个系统的稳定运行和出水的稳定达标至关重要。

参考文献:

熊忠,林衍等 Fenton氧化法在废水处理中的应用[J] 新疆环境保护,2002,24(2):35~39
张林生,魏峰等 物理化学法处理汽车工业电泳涂装工艺中的超滤液废水[J] 给水排水,1999,25(10):33~36
刘绍根,汽车涂装废水处理技术[J] 工业用水与废水,2001,32(2):11~13
刘绍根,黄显怀 物化—生化法处理汽车生产废水[J] 给水排水,2001,27(12):53~56
廖亮,吴一飞等 磷化-喷漆线的废水处理工艺研究[J] 环境技术,2000,18,(4):18~21

❽ 谁能给我介绍几个免费下英文文献的网站和数据库 我需要下一篇有关味精生产工艺的英文文献

According to reports, MSG is a sodium salt of glutamic acid C5H8NO4Na
For a flavor of the material, learning called glutamate, also known as monosodium glutamate. In addition it also contains a small amount of salt, water, fat, sugar, iron, phosphorus and other substances. MSG is a flavor condiments cooking materials, wheat, soybeans and other protein-containing raw materials more available or by the hydrolysis method using starch as raw material made by a fermentation process or crystalline powder spices, sugar beet can also be used and honey proced by chemical synthesis. MSG soluble in water, with moisture absorption, very delicious taste, soluble in water 3,000 times still has flavor, the best solution temperature is 70 ℃ ~ 90 ℃. MSG in general more stable under the conditions of the cooking process, but for a long time at high temperature, easy to become a focus of sodium glutamate, no significant flavor and slightly toxic; in alkaline or acidic solution, precipitation or difficult to dissolve, and its flavor is not apparent or even disappear. It is not only increase people's appetite, but also provide a nutritious homemade condiments.
First, the proction scale of monosodium glutamate factory
The proction scale of monosodium glutamate factory mainly determined by the market, followed by construction traffic, transportation, water, electricity, raw materials supply, sewage treatment and so on. The market share is determined by the brand and proction costs, mainly the latter. As long as the low cost of proction, market development has the potential, we can expand the proction scale.
1. MSG proction profile
At present, the proction of glutamate monosodium glutamate factory about 50 (to buy other than glutamic acid system MSG), MSG proction of goods in 2002 about 90 million tons, than 100 million tons this year. MSG basic balance of the current sales. The first half of this year e to "atypical pneumonia" effect, MSG weak market, proct backlog, but the second half of the sales situation is quite good, basic balance proction and sales. In the future, e to China's economic development and better living standards improve, a large number of rural surplus labor into the city, the entire food instry situation, the condiment proction increases, also increasing demand for MSG, but MSG proction development too fast, This is the manufacturer must see, can not be blind expansion.
MSG market, there is a strange phenomenon, that is, too-packing business, all small private enterprises, most of these people had in the MSG instry work, they occupy a certain market, but also in the capital, sales taxes and so are the means and flexibility with advantage. And some of the new northern extension of the MSG MSG plant or plant e to lack of market, selling a large number of large packages, but also to provide favorable conditions for repackaging and therefore, packaging and business teams will be expanded.
MSG manufacturer to win the competition in the market, not to be eliminated, we must do everything possible to play to their strengths, improve skills, rece proction costs.
2. Proction scale
Scale of proction depends on the market, and market share mainly determined by the cost of proction. The cost of proction depends mainly on the following four aspects: ① regional advantages (including raw materials, power prices and local policies, etc.); ② technical level and management level; ③ scale (in the small scale of proction, such as the annual output of 2 million tons below increase proctivity, decrease costs, but proction is large, has little effect); ④ operating costs (depending on equipment design, equipment and technology management, etc.).
Dominant is difficult to change, when a further expansion of large scale proction has little effect on proction costs. Proction costs should begin construction, attention to rational design of equipment, equipment for reasonable conct, the combination of proction scale and size of equipment, rece operating costs; selection of advanced proction technology and strengthen the technology management, improve the technological level and rece consumption.
Second, the size and number of fermentation equipment
Scale fermentation equipment refers to the size of the volume of fermentation, in considering the volume of the fermentation tank size, must also consider the number of fermentation tanks. Fermentation tanks from a single point of view, large volume, proction is easy and stable, high fermentation, glutamic acid per ton of theory of low power consumption, the operator less. However, the number of too little fermentation tank, water, electricity, steam, sterile air, power consumption imbalance, running costs high. The fermentation tank of about 10 for a combination of the lowest operating costs. Raw material input, power consumption, the most stable, balanced, management, operations staff at least.
Third, the fermentation process selection
Currently being used in a fermentation process of glutamate amount of biotin Asia, high biotin added penicillin and surface active agents, such as the three temperature-sensitive, these three characteristics of the fermentation process, fermentation technology, extraction methods and yield , the main raw materials, electricity, gas consumption see table.
Can be seen from the table, its advantages and disadvantages of three fermentation process, a single point of view from the fermentation technology for high-temperature-sensitive, select the fermentation process should be based on the specific circumstances of manufacturers, such as the use of raw materials, fermentation equipment, the extraction process, water, electricity, and sewage treatment and other conditions to decide. No matter what kind of process must be to achieve greater efficiency, lower consumption, lower costs, and not a one-sided pursuit of a high index. If the high consumption, high proction costs, is high in some indicators is not useful, comprehensive benefits must be considered.
I think we should draw on the advantages of the process and overcome its shortcomings, can raise the level of fermentation, but also high yield by extraction of the extraction process, to further improve the efficiency of glutamate proction, which is the direction of glutamic acid fermentation.
希望对你有帮助

❾ 有关废水处理的外文文献和翻译

要什么废水
一般的生活污水 工业废水 还是什么 能否具体点。。。
只要是维普 万方之类的 都可以帮忙下。。。但是具体点吧

❿ 急求一篇英文文献,主题是“废水中重金属的回收”或者相关文献!!

是我,惊云飞雪,呵呵。hugj1217

Abslrat1: The effect of organic amendment~ on the oil content, heavy metsJs concentration and pH of petroleum contaminated sandy
loam ultisol obtained from Rumuekpe oil field in Emohua Loca.l Government Area of Rivers SUite, Nigeria. was determined, Petroleum
ronwminated !!Oils Wt-ft! tr'(:ated with wood ash, L":Omp:x;t and Mw.qt. The addition of organic amendment~ resulted in a significam(at
95% probability level) decrease in oil content by 92% for composting, 81% for !!cil trfu1lted with sawst and 58% for soil with a~h
suppltNUentati.on, ovfT 6 months. The effect of treatments on the iron( Fe), copper(Cu) and lead(Pb) concentration was &ignificant
at P < 0. 00 L The remediation also alfocted the pH of soil. This initial pH of S . 6 was depresseQ by the applk.ation of (."(lml);)st and
sawst supplements respecti\·rdy to a final pH of 5. 2 and 5 . 3. On the other hand, amending the soil with wcod ash mLqed the pH
from 5.6 to 6.2. Increased acidity caUSf'd a decrease in the heavy metals f'oncentration in the contaminated soil. Soil t~atrnent with
compost generally gave the best remedi.ation result&, followed by sawst and then ash. Adju:nLng the pH of oil conwmin.o.ted soil to
high acidic le\•els. may promote the avsJlability and mig't&tion of heavy metals in reme<liated soils and not necessarily th.e rate of oll
mineraliultion,

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